{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:12:43Z","timestamp":1788966763877,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]],"date-time":"2014-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health and by National Institutes of Health","award":["MH087786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH087786"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health and by National Institutes of Health","award":["DK59570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK59570"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health and by National Institutes of Health","award":["DK46200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK46200"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health and by National Institutes of Health","award":["HL68041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL68041"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health and by National Institutes of Health","award":["HD049889"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD049889"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl J Eating Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current standards for classifying eating disorders were primarily informed by adult, clinical study populations, while it is unknown whether an empirically based classification system can be supported across preadolescence through young adulthood. Using latent class analyses, we sought to empirically classify disordered eating in females from preadolescence to young adulthood, and assess the association between classes and adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Latent class models were fit using observations from the 9,039 girls participating in the growing up today study, an on\u2010going cohort following participants annually or biennially since 1996 when they were ages 9\u201314 years. Associations between classes and drug use, binge drinking, and depressive symptoms were assessed using generalized estimating equations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Across age groups, there was evidence of six classes: a large asymptomatic class, a class characterized by shape\/weight concerns, a class characterized by overeating without loss of control, and three resembling full and subthreshold binge eating disorder, purging disorder, and bulimia nervosa. Relative prevalences of classes varied across developmental stages, with symptomatic classes increasing in prevalence with increasing age. Symptomatic classes were associated with concurrent and incident drug use, binge drinking, and high depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A classification system resembling broader definitions of DSM\u20105 diagnoses along with two further subclinical symptomatic classes may be a useful framework for studying disordered eating among adolescent and young adult females. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int (J Eat Disord 2014; 47:762\u2013772)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]],"date-time":"2014-06-09T10:32:35Z","timestamp":1402309955000},"page":"762-772","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["A latent class analysis to empirically describe eating disorders through developmental stages"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Sonja A.","family":"Swanson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Horton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics Amherst College Amherst Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross D.","family":"Crosby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Research Institute and Department of Clinical Neuroscience University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences Fargo North Dakota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Micali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural and Brain Sciences Unit Institute of Child Health, University College London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendrin R.","family":"Sonneville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Adolescent Medicine Department of Medicine Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamryn","family":"Eddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harris Center for Education and Advocacy in Eating Disorders Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison E.","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Division of Adolescent Medicine Department of Medicine Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.62.3.167"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7244.1240"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Towards an Evidence Based Classification of Eating Disorders: American Psychiatric Association Monograph on Eating Disorders","author":"Crosby RD","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Towards an Evidence Based Classification of Eating Disorders: American Psychiatric Association Monograph on Eating Disorders","author":"Crow SJ","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20497"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550130052036"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.1.54"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.1996.tb03394.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.10220"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(199903)25:2<195::AID-EAT9>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-90"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300373"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61138-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30622-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119013563"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20958"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association DSM\u20105 Task Force. DSM\u20105 Development. 2012;www.dsm5.org 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20712"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707001390"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20179"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamapediatrics.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200001000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800360017003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","volume-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM\u2010IV axis I disorders","author":"First MB","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","article-title":"What are we missing? The costs versus benefits of skip rule designs","author":"Swanson SA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3663"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20787"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.2915"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Eating Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Feat.22308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eat.22308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T15:40:49Z","timestamp":1694533249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eat.22308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eat.22308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22308","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0276-3478","1098-108X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0276-3478","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-108X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]]}}}