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Here we evaluated whether underweight and weight\u2010restored individuals with AN demonstrate evidence of abnormal MB morphology, via retrospective examination of a previously collected data set.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using standard\u2010resolution T1\u2010weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla, we measured MB volume and fornix area in a cross\u2010sectional study of 12 underweight AN, 20 weight\u2010restored AN, and 30 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy comparisons. Because of the small size of these structures, a manual tracing approach was necessary to obtain accurate measurements. A blinded expert rater manually traced MB and fornix structures in each participant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed significantly smaller MB volumes in the underweight AN group. However, the weight\u2010restored AN group exhibited significantly larger MB volumes. The right fornix was smaller in the weight\u2010restored AN group only.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest the possibility that MB volume and fornix area could represent potential biomarkers of acute weight loss and restoration, respectively. Verification of this finding through prospective studies evaluating MB morphology, cognition, and thiamine levels longitudinally across individual illness trajectories might be warranted. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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