{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T13:05:34Z","timestamp":1791551134014,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]],"date-time":"2016-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl J Eating Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There has been interest in whether people with Attention\u2010Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are at higher risk of developing an Eating Disorder (ED). The aim of this study was estimate the size of this association with a meta\u2010analysis of studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrieved studies following PRISMA guidelines from a broad range of databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve studies fitted our primary aim in investigating ED in ADHD populations (ADHD\u2009=\u20094,013\/Controls\u2009= 29,404), and five exploring ADHD in ED populations (ED\u2009=\u20091,044\/Controls\u2009= 11,292). The pooled odds ratio of diagnosing any ED in ADHD was increased significantly, 3.82 (95% CI:2.34\u20136.24). A similar level of risk was found across all ED syndromes [Anorexia Nervosa\u2009=\u20094.28 (95% CI:2.24\u20138.16); Bulimia Nervosa\u2009= 5.71 (95% CI: 3.56\u20139.16) and Binge Eating Disorder\u2009=\u20094.13 (95% CI:3\u20135.67)]. The risk was significantly higher if ADHD was diagnosed using a clinical interview [5.89 (95% CI:4.32\u20138.04)] rather than a self\u2010report instrument [2.23 (95% CI:1.23\u20134.03)]. The pooled odds ratio of diagnosing ADHD in participants with ED was significantly increased, 2.57 (95% CI:1.30\u20135.11). Subgroup analysis of cohorts with binge eating only yielded a risk of 5.77 (95% CI:2.35\u201314.18). None of the variables examined in meta\u2010regression procedures explained the variance in effect size between studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with ADHD have a higher risk of comorbidity with an ED and people with an ED also have higher levels of comorbidity with ADHD. Future studies should address if patients with this comorbidity have a different prognosis, course and treatment response when compared to patients with either disorder alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Resumen Objetivo<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ha habido inter\u00e9s en saber si la gente con Trastorno por D\u00e9ficit de Atenci\u00f3n e Hiperactividad (TDAH) est\u00e1n en mayor riesgo de desarrollar un Trastorno de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA). El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar el tama\u00f1o de esta asociaci\u00f3n con un meta\u2010an\u00e1lisis de los estudios. M\u00e9todos: Recuperamos estudios de una amplia gama base de datos, \u00a0que siguen los lineamientos PRISMA. Resultados: Doce estudios encajaron con nuestro objetivo primario de investigar los TCA en poblaciones con TDAH (TDAH\u2009=\u20094,013\/Controles\u2009=\u200929,404), y 5 exploraron TDAH en poblaciones con TCA (TCA\u2009= 1,044\/Controles\u2009=\u200911,292). El odds ratio (OR) agrupado de diagnosticar cualquier TCA en el TDAH se increment\u00f3 significativamente, 3.82 (95% CI:2.34\u20136.24). Un nivel de riesgo similar fue encontrado en todos los s\u00edndromes de TCA [Anorexia Nervosa\u2009=\u20094.28 (95% CI:2.24\u20138.16); Bulimia Nervosa\u2009=\u20095.71 (95% CI:3.56\u20139.16) y Trastorno por Atrac\u00f3n\u2009=\u20094.13 (95% CI: 3\u20135.67)]. El riesgo fue significativamente mayor si el TDAH fue diagnosticado utilizando una entrevista cl\u00ednica [5.89 (95% CI:4.32\u20138.04)] en lugar de un instrumento de auto\u2010reporte [2.23 (95% CI:1.23\u20134.03)]. El odds ratio (OR) agrupado de diagnosticar TDAH en participantes con TCA fue significativamente incrementado, 2.57 (95% CI:1.30\u20135.11). El an\u00e1lisis de los subgrupos de cohort con atracones solamente produjo un riesgo de 5.77 (95% CI:2.35\u201314.18). Ninguna de las variables examinadas en los procedimientos de meta\u2010regresi\u00f3n explicaron la varianza en el tama\u00f1o del efecto entre los estudios. Discusi\u00f3n: La gente con TDAH tiene un mayor riesgo de comorbilidad con un TCA y la gente con un TCA tambi\u00e9n tiene niveles altos de comorbilidad con TDAH. Los estudios futuros deber\u00e1n abordar si los pacientes con esta comorbilidad tienen diferente pron\u00f3stico, curso y respuesta a tratamiento cuando son comparados con pacientes que solamente tienen uno de los trastornos.\u00a0 \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016) \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:1045\u20131057)<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]],"date-time":"2016-11-16T14:10:39Z","timestamp":1479305439000},"page":"1045-1057","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":164,"title":["The risk of eating disorders comorbid with attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Bruno Palazzo","family":"Nazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry (IPUB\u2010UFRJ) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IOPPN), King's College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Bernardes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR) Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Peachey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South London and the Maudsley National Health Trust (SLaM \u2013 NHS) London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Sergeant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrjie Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Mattos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry (IPUB\u2010UFRJ) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR) Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Treasure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IOPPN), King's College London"},{"name":"South London and the Maudsley National Health Trust (SLaM \u2013 NHS) London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Ten years of treating eating disorders: What have we learned? 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