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Specifically, our objectives were to investigate the differences in self\u2010esteem between individuals with AN and healthy controls, or individuals with other eating disorders, and to examine self\u2010esteem as an outcome, predictor, moderator, and mediator in AN treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The databases PsycINFO, PSYNDEXplus, Ovid MEDLINE\u00ae, and ProQuest were searched for studies published from 1990 to 2018. To estimate aggregated effect sizes, we performed random\u2010effects meta\u2010analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A screening of 1,596 abstracts and 203 full\u2010texts identified 68 relevant publications. Results suggest a significantly lower global self\u2010esteem in individuals with AN than in healthy controls (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22121.90, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). In contrast, global self\u2010esteem of AN and bulimia nervosa (BN) patients was found to be comparable (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.529). It might be specific to AN patients that negative self\u2010evaluations may not affect scholastic and professional abilities. Significantly moderate self\u2010esteem increases were observed in treated AN patients at the end of treatment (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.56, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), short\u2010term (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.50, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and long\u2010term (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.75, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) follow\u2010up. Self\u2010esteem did not predict end of treatment remission\u2010or weight\u2010related outcome and treatment dropout. However, small to moderate predictive effects were detected on short\u2010term (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.15, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.007) and long\u2010term remission or weight (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.33, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.017). Finally, first indications point to self\u2010esteem as a mediator in adult AN inpatient treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The review provides insights relevant for theory, research, and practice. Implications concern the overall support for transdiagnostic approaches and the recommendation to consider low initial self\u2010esteem for decisions on after\u2010care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]],"date-time":"2018-11-29T05:40:30Z","timestamp":1543470030000},"page":"101-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["The role of self\u2010esteem in the treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa \u2013 A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1330-5626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise","family":"K\u00e4stner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Medical Centre, Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf &amp; Sch\u00f6n Clinic Hamburg Eilbek  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"L\u00f6we","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Medical Centre, Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf &amp; Sch\u00f6n Clinic Hamburg Eilbek  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"Gumz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Medical Centre, Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf &amp; Sch\u00f6n Clinic Hamburg Eilbek  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"APA","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000210188.70295.c0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03327789"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","article-title":"Psychological profiles of women with a past or present diagnosis of anorexia nervosa","volume":"4","author":"Bachner\u2010Melman R.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Internet Journal of Mental Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","volume-title":"Empirical assessment of within\u2010arm correlation imputation in trials of continuous outcomes","author":"Balk E. 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