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Higher body fat percentage after weight gain has been shown to predict better weight maintenance outcome. Leptin, a fat\u2010derived hormone, has been associated with progress during weight gain, but its association with weight maintenance is unknown. This study aims to determine whether leptin levels after weight restoration in AN are associated with weight maintenance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were 41 women with AN hospitalized for inpatient treatment. Participants were evaluated 2\u20134\u2009weeks after weight restoration to body mass index (BMI)\u2009\u2265\u200919.5 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for plasma leptin and body composition. Weight maintenance outcome was defined by whether a participant maintained a BMI of at least 18.5 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> at the end of 1\u2009year following hospital discharge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty (48.8%) out of 41 patients maintained their weight at 1\u2009year. Percent body fat and leptin were significantly higher in the group who maintained weight (body fat, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .004, Hedges' <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic> = 0.944; log\u2010leptin, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .010, Hedges' <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic> = 0.821), but there were no differences in predischarge BMI, duration of illness, and duration of amenorrhea. Using regression modeling, only higher log\u2010leptin (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>Wald<\/jats:sub> = .021) and percent body fat (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>Wald<\/jats:sub> = .010), as well as fat\u2010adjusted leptin (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>Wald<\/jats:sub> = .029), independently predicted weight maintenance at 1 year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that for acutely\u2010weight restored women with AN, higher predischarge leptin measurements are associated with better outcome in the year following treatment. Prospective studies examining leptin as well as other parameters of metabolic health could offer insights into biomarkers that may improve clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T16:52:49Z","timestamp":1605286369000},"page":"527-534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The association between leptin and weight maintenance outcome in anorexia nervosa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6345-1138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youngjung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Hersch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huron Consulting Group  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay P.","family":"Bodell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Western Ontario  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Schebendach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7054-9590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Hildebrandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. 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