{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T20:59:39Z","timestamp":1773435579776,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Eating Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although eating disorders (EDs) surged in the late 1900s and are now recognized worldwide, the time trend of ED characteristics remains unknown. This study aimed to clarify changes in characteristics of anorexia nervosa restricting type (AN\u2010R) over 30\u2009years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a cross\u2010sectional study and examined 996 female treatment\u2010seeking patients with AN\u2010R in Japan from 1988 to 2018. Demographics, body mass index (BMI), and Eating Disorder Inventory scores were compared among three groups in accordance with the time of initial consultation: Group 1 (1988\u20131998), Group 2 (1998\u20132008), Group 3 (2008\u20132018).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean BMI at the initial consultation significantly decreased by 0.6\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (from 14.0\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> in Group 1 to 13.4\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> in Group 3). Groups 2 and 3 scored significantly higher in drive for thinness, interpersonal distrust, and interoceptive awareness than those in Group 1. The range of onset age is wider and the number of late\u2010onset AN\u2010R with prolonged delay in treatment has increased over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study shows that AN\u2010R has increased in physical and psychopathological severity over the past 30\u2009years in Japan. Interdisciplinary research is needed to clarify the relationship between AN\u2010R and time trend.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]],"date-time":"2020-11-28T06:39:55Z","timestamp":1606545595000},"page":"54-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Anorexia nervosa restricting type has increased in severity over three decades: Japanese clinical samples from 1988 to 2018"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8302-8110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoko","family":"Harada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsuneo","family":"Yamauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dai","family":"Miyawaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saori","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisako","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statics Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Nishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine  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