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It also provides a comparison of risk factors for the development of AN and BN in Japan versus the United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants in Japan were 96 women with a current DSM\u2010IV AN or BN primary diagnosis (AN, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 60; BN, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 36) and 57 women with no current psychiatric diagnosis (NC group). Participants in the United States were 137 women with a current DSM\u2010IV AN or BN primary diagnosis (AN\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U.S.<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 71; BN\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U.S.<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 66). A standardized semi\u2010structured interview retrospectively assessed exposure to risk factors prior to first symptom onset, which were analyzed using General Linear Model analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Perfectionism and negative affectivity, family relationship issues, and, to a lesser degree, parental psychopathology predicted the emergence of AN and BN in Japan. Physical and sexual abuse and family eating and weight concerns were not significant risk factors in Japan. Compared to their respective diagnostic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U.S.<\/jats:styled-content> groups, the Japanese AN group reported higher levels of individual mental health factors and lower levels of family dieting and family overweight, and the Japanese BN group reported higher levels on individual mental health factors, lower exposure to problems with their parents, and lower exposure to family weight and eating concerns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These country\u2010specific data from Japan contribute to an increasingly nuanced and global understanding of risk factors for eating disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T15:06:05Z","timestamp":1608822365000},"page":"155-167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Risk factors for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in Japan and compared to a <scp>U.S.<\/scp> sample"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4584-4250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Pike","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Columbia University  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Columbia University  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirai","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of NeuroPsychiatry Tokyo Dental College  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2775-1296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Hilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University of Leipzig Medical Center  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Maekawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Humanities Kanazawa Gakuin University  Kanazawa City Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Shimanouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry St. Marianna University School of Medicine  Kawasaki City Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Wilfley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychological &amp; Brain Sciences Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faith\u2010Anne","family":"Dohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Educational Consultation Fairfield University  Fairfield Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Fairburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Oxford University  Oxford England United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6121-4641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth Striegel","family":"Weissman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Wesleyan University  Middletown Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"49","volume-title":"The Science of Self\u2010Report","author":"Bradburn N. 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