{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:25:39Z","timestamp":1792099539916,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Eating Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate one\u2010year costs of eating disorders in the United States (U.S.) from a societal perspective, including the costs to the U.S. health system, individual and family productivity costs, lost wellbeing, and other societal economic costs, by setting and payer. Findings will inform needed policy action to mitigate the impact of eating disorders in the U.S.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Costs of eating disorders were estimated using a bottom\u2010up cost\u2010of\u2010illness methodology, based on the estimated one\u2010year prevalence of eating disorders. Intangible costs of reduced wellbeing were also estimated using disability\u2010adjusted life years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Total economic costs associated with eating disorders were estimated to be $64.7 billion (95% CI: $63.5\u2013$66.0 billion) in fiscal year 2018\u20132019, equivalent to $11,808 per affected person (95% CI: $11,754\u2013$11,863 per affected person). Otherwise Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder accounted for 35% of total economic costs, followed by Binge Eating Disorder (30%), Bulimia Nervosa (18%) and Anorexia Nervosa (17%). The substantial reduction in wellbeing associated with eating disorders was further valued at $326.5 billion (95% CI: $316.8\u2013$336.2 billion).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The impact of eating disorders in the U.S. is substantial when considering both economic costs and reduced wellbeing (nearly $400 billion in fiscal year 2018\u20132019). Study findings underscore the urgency of identifying effective policy actions to reduce the impact of eating disorders, such as through primary prevention and screening to identify people with emerging or early eating disorders in primary care, schools, and workplaces and ensuring access to early evidence\u2010based treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T00:30:52Z","timestamp":1614731452000},"page":"851-868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":287,"title":["Social and economic cost of eating disorders in the United States: Evidence to inform policy action"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4581-844X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jared","family":"Streatfeild","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deloitte Access Economics  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josiah","family":"Hickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deloitte Access Economics  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0830-5293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. Bryn","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Strategic Training Initiative for the Prevention of Eating Disorders  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Hutcheson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strategic Training Initiative for the Prevention of Eating Disorders  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna S.","family":"Kandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alliance for Eating Disorders Awareness  West Palm Beach Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian G.","family":"Lampert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Emily Program  St Paul Minnesota USA"},{"name":"REDC Consortium (REDC)  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elissa M.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy for Eating Disorders  Reston Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8178-1125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracy K.","family":"Richmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Strategic Training Initiative for the Prevention of Eating Disorders  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihail","family":"Samnaliev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Strategic Training Initiative for the Prevention of Eating Disorders  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Velasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center Road Solutions  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6121-4641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth S.","family":"Weissman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Wesleyan University  Middletown Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5509-2641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynne","family":"Pezzullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deloitte Access Economics  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)(2016).Healthcare cost and utilization project[Data set]. 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