{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T08:06:53Z","timestamp":1774426013010,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]],"date-time":"2021-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Eating Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the initial characterization of night eating syndrome (NES) in 1955, the definition and operationalization of its symptoms has varied considerably. To standardize the definition of NES and its symptoms, Allison et al. developed research diagnostic criteria. Even so, conceptualization and intervention of NES remains guided by medical models, which assume that pathology is driven by a distinct, underlying causal mechanism. Conversely, recent work on other eating disorders (EDs) has used network analysis to reconceptualize ED psychopathology and treatment by identifying (a) unique relationships between key symptoms, and (b) the symptoms most central to specific EDs. The present study examined NES symptoms through network analysis to identify the most central symptoms within the NES network.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regularized partial correlation networks were estimated using 144 individuals in a community sample diagnosed with NES. Participants completed semi\u2010structured interviews, self\u2010report measures, and food\/sleep diaries to measure NES symptoms, nonspecific health domains (e.g., sleep disturbance, overall mood, stress, and circadian rhythm functioning), and transdiagnostic ED symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Depressed mood, poor sleep quality, and a strong urge to eat upon awakening at night were highly central to the psychopathology network for NES and were significantly more central than most other NES symptoms and nonspecific health domains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides insight on the unique symptomological relationships of NES and sets the stage for future work that can identify causal linkages among NES symptoms. These symptoms represent key elements of the core psychopathology of NES and should represent primary targets for intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]],"date-time":"2021-03-06T08:01:27Z","timestamp":1615017687000},"page":"733-744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The nature of night eating syndrome: Using network analysis to understand unique symptomological relationships"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4540-2981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marshall T.","family":"Beauchamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Missouri\u2010Kansas City Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9807-0220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly C.","family":"Allison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Pereleman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer D.","family":"Lundgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Missouri\u2010Kansas City Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.6.1107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20693"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2007.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Overcoming night eating syndrome: A step\u2010by\u2010step guide to breaking the cycle","author":"Allison K. C.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.329"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"490","article-title":"Beck depression inventory\u2010II","volume":"78","author":"Beck A. T.","year":"1996","journal-title":"San Antonio"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20931"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.7.657"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-013-0090-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20375"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23270"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"31","volume-title":"The Claremont symposium on applied social psychology. The social psychology of health","author":"Cohen S.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","volume-title":"Experimental and quasi\u2010experimental designs for generalized causal inference","author":"Cook T. D.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.501"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0862-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i04"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders","author":"Fairburn C. G.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","volume-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM\u2010IV Axis I disorders","author":"First M. B.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171600012X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22871"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23070"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22702"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","unstructured":"Fried E. I.(2016 November 5).R tutorial: power issues & robustness of network models [Blog post].https:\/\/psych-networks.com\/r-tutorial-power-issues-robustness-network-models\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","unstructured":"Fried E. I.(2018 September 3).How to interpret centrality values in network structures (not) [Blog post].https:\/\/psych-networks.com\/how-to-not-interpret-centrality-values-in-network-structures\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxm045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","volume-title":"Why psychiatry is a branch of medicine","author":"Guze S. B.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2007.00570.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1159\/000509458","article-title":"Psychopathological networks in cognitive\u2010behavioral treatments for binge\u2010eating disorder","volume":"89","author":"Hilbert A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"A self\u2010assessment questionnaire to determine morningness\u2010eveningness in human circadian rhythms","volume":"4","author":"Horne J. A.","year":"1976","journal-title":"International Journal of Chronobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2008.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2013.64.5.402"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","first-page":"108","volume-title":"Night eating syndrome: Research, assessment, and treatment","author":"Latzer Y.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198522195.001.0001","volume-title":"Graphical models","author":"Lauritzen S. L.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2012.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-018-0930-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000254"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2007.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","first-page":"197","volume-title":"Assessment instruments for night eating syndrome. Night Eating Syndrome: Research, Assessment, and Treatment","author":"Lundgren J. D.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","first-page":"40","volume-title":"Night eating syndrome: Research, assessment, and treatment","author":"Lundgren J. D.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2016.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048450"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12735"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2015.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2007.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000181"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2009.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.11.1460"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22836"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A comparative network analysis of eating disorder psychopathology and co\u2010occurring depression and anxiety symptoms before and after treatment","volume":"49","author":"Smith K.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2009.00668.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(55)90276-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.51.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2634"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","unstructured":"Williams J. Toumbourou J. W. & Smith R.(2007). The healthy neighbourhoods study: associations between BMI and other health and behaviour problems in early adolescence.In ECO 2007: Proceedings of the European Congress on Obesity (pp. S189\u2013S189). Middlesex England: European Association for the Study of Obesity."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Eating Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eat.23497","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/eat.23497","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eat.23497","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,25]],"date-time":"2024-08-25T14:14:56Z","timestamp":1724595296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eat.23497"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eat.23497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.23497","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0276-3478","1098-108X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0276-3478","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-108X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}