{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:29:37Z","timestamp":1793046577987,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32MH111127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32MH111127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH108595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH108595"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Eating Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Nine Item Avoidant\/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) Screen (NIAS) has three subscales aligned with ARFID presentations but clinically validated cutoff scores have not been identified. We aimed to examine NIAS subscale (picky eating, appetite, fear) validity to: (1) capture clinically\u2010diagnosed ARFID presentations; (2) differentiate ARFID from other eating disorders (other\u2010ED); and (3) capture ARFID symptoms among individuals with ARFID, individuals with other\u2010ED, and nonclinical participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants included outpatients (ages 10\u201376\u2009years; 75% female) diagnosed with ARFID (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a049) or other\u2010ED (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a077), and nonclinical participants (ages 22\u201368\u2009years; 38% female,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a040). We evaluated criterion\u2010related concurrent validity by conducting receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses to identify potential subscale cutoffs and by testing if cutoffs could capture ARFID with and without use of the Eating Disorder Examination\u2010Questionnaire (EDE\u2010Q).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Each NIAS subscale had high AUC for capturing those who fit versus do not fit each ARFID presentation, resulting in proposed cutoffs of \u226510 (sensitivity\u00a0=\u00a0.97, specificity\u00a0=\u00a0.63), \u22659 (sensitivity\u00a0=\u00a0.86, specificity\u00a0=\u00a0.70), and\u2009\u2265\u200910 (sensitivity\u00a0=\u00a0.68, specificity\u00a0=\u00a0.89) on the NIAS\u2010picky eating, NIAS\u2010appetite, and NIAS\u2010fear subscales, respectively. ARFID versus other\u2010ED had high AUC on the NIAS\u2010picky eating (\u226510 proposed cutoff), but not NIAS\u2010appetite or NIAS\u2010fear subscales. NIAS subscale cutoffs had a high association with ARFID diagnosis, but only correctly classified other\u2010ED in combination with EDE\u2010Q Global &lt;2.3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To screen for ARFID, we recommend using a screening tool for other\u2010ED (e.g., EDE\u2010Q) in combination with a positive score on any NIAS subscale (i.e., \u226510, \u22659, and\/or \u226510 on the NIAS\u2010picky eating, NIAS\u2010appetite, and NIAS\u2010fear subscales, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T11:26:56Z","timestamp":1619090816000},"page":"1782-1792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Validation of the nine item\n                    <scp>ARFID<\/scp>\n                    screen (\n                    <scp>NIAS<\/scp>\n                    ) subscales for distinguishing\n                    <scp>ARFID<\/scp>\n                    presentations and screening for\n                    <scp>ARFID<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2059-3256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Burton Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurointestinal Health, Gastroenterology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1466-0873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2439-6519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Breithaupt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1586-0930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamryn T.","family":"Eddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2601-581X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer 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