{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:24:33Z","timestamp":1792099473009,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]],"date-time":"2022-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Eating Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We estimated the prevalence of diagnosed eating disorders, overall and by select demographics, among commercially insured individuals identified as transgender in a national claims database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From the 2018 IBM\u00ae MarketScan\u00ae Commercial Database, there were 10,415 people identifiable as transgender based on International Classification of Disease (ICD\u201010) codes and procedure codes, specific to gender\u2010affirming care, from inpatient and outpatient claims. Eating disorders were identified from ICD\u201010 codes and included anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, eating disorder not otherwise specified, avoidant restrictive feeding and intake disorder, and other specified feeding and eating disorders. We estimated the prevalence of specific eating disorders diagnoses by selecting patient characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of individuals receiving some form of gender\u2010affirming care, 2.43% (95% confidence interval: 2.14%\u20132.74%) were diagnosed with an eating disorder: 0.84% anorexia nervosa, 0.36% bulimia nervosa, 0.36% binge eating disorder, 0.15% avoidant restrictive feeding and intake disorder, 0.41% other specified feeding and eating disorders, and 1.37% with an unspecified eating disorder. Among transgender\u2010identifiable patients aged 12\u201315\u2009years, 5.60% had an eating disorder diagnosis, whereas 0.52% had an eating disorder diagnosis in patients aged 45\u201364\u2009years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients identifiable as transgender, with receipt of gender\u2010affirming care, the prevalence of diagnosed eating disorders was low compared to extant self\u2010reported data for eating disorder diagnosis in transgender individuals. Among this population, eating disorders were highest in adolescents and young adults. Clinically verified prevalence estimates for eating disorder diagnosis in transgender people with a history of gender\u2010affirming care warrant further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Public Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study aims to provide clinically validated, contemporary prevalence estimates for diagnosed eating disorders among a medically affirmed population of transgender adults and children in the United States. We report low prevalence of having any eating disorder relative to prevalence estimates reported in prior literature without clinical validation. These findings may be explained by access to affirming care and medical care generally.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]],"date-time":"2022-05-07T07:34:53Z","timestamp":1651908893000},"page":"801-809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Prevalence of diagnosed eating disorders in US transgender adults and youth in insurance claims"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3946-4972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarina A.","family":"Ferrucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Population Health Research Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences University of Massachusetts Medical School  Worcester Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Medical School  Worcester Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate L.","family":"Lapane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Medical School  Worcester Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bill M.","family":"Jesdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Medical School  Worcester Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2012.668482"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-010-9758-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"American Psychological Association. (2021).What are eating disorders?Retrieved December 5 2021 fromhttps:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/eating-disorders\/what-are-eating-disorders."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12062"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300796"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/cou0000333"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181646765"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.crd.0000216745.96062.7c"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20128"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228765"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1097-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","volume-title":"LGBT youth population in the United States","author":"Conron K. J.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"Deloitte Access Economics.The social and economic cost of eating disorders in the United States of America: A report for the strategic training initiative for the prevention of eating disorders and the academy for eating disorders.2020.https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/striped\/report-economic-costs-of-eating-disorders\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2017.0043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2016.0208"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15538605.2016.1177806"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2018.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07060951"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2011.566152"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2018.0175"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"Flores A. R. Herman J. L. Gates G. J. &Brown T. N.(2020 April 27).How many adults identify as transgender in the United States?Retrieved March 4 2021 fromhttps:\/\/williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu\/publications\/trans-adults-united-states\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","unstructured":"Forbes\u2010Roberts S.(2018).Exploring patient satisfaction among transgender and non\u2010binary identified healthcare users: The role of microaggressions and inclusive healthcare settings."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.12070868"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15532739.2018.1500966"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.07.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/suli.2007.37.5.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2016.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Age of individuals who identify as transgender in the United States","author":"Herman J. L.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JNC.0000000000000023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","unstructured":"IBM Watson Health.IBM MarketScan research databases for health services researchers.White Pap.2019:15."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.919"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988319860970"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2576"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06081388"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20787"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2016.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11673-019-09923-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2013.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000645"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2020.101381"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","unstructured":"National Center for Transgender Equality. (2018 October 5).Understanding transgender people: The basics. Retrieved December 5 2021 fromhttps:\/\/transequality.org\/issues\/resources\/understanding-transgender-people-the-basics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","unstructured":"National Eating Disorders Association(2015).http:\/\/www.nationaleatingdisorders.org\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","article-title":"Characteristics and treatment of patients with chronic eating disorders","volume":"10","author":"Noordenbos, G., Oldenhave, A., Muschter, J., & Terpstra, N.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eating disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2016.0031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2017.1295"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-019-1396-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12328-015-0611-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.8.1284"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2012.715512"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2014.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000497"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2021.100204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2015.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2021.101527"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22411"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2011.584805"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093034"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Eating Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eat.23729","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/eat.23729","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eat.23729","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T11:38:36Z","timestamp":1692877116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eat.23729"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eat.23729"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.23729","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0276-3478","1098-108X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0276-3478","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-108X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}