{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T12:55:55Z","timestamp":1784724955543,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DK124514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DK124514"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Eating Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite evidence supporting the link between dietary restraint (i.e., <jats:italic>attempts<\/jats:italic> at dietary restriction) and loss of control (LOC) eating among individuals with binge\u2010spectrum eating disorders (EDs), some research suggests that dietary restraint may not be linked to LOC eating in all contexts. It is currently unknown how often dietary restraint results in successful dietary restriction, or which types of restraint\/restriction confer highest risk for LOC eating. Furthermore, little research has evaluated momentary, temporal associations between dietary restraint and LOC eating. Thus, the present study aimed to (1) characterize dietary restraint and restriction, among individuals with LOC eating, and (2) examine temporal relationships between restraint\/restriction and LOC eating within\u2010 and between\u2010subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study recruited adults with binge spectrum EDs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a096, 80.4% female) to complete a 7\u201314\u2010day ecological momentary assessment protocol assessing ED symptoms. Multilevel models and linear regression evaluated within\u2010 and between\u2010subjects associations between momentary restraint\/restriction and LOC eating, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Attempted avoidance of enjoyable foods, limiting the amount eaten, and any restraint predicted greater likelihood of LOC eating at the next survey. Attempts to delay eating predicted <jats:italic>reduced<\/jats:italic> likelihood of LOC eating at the next survey, though this effect was no longer statistically significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. Diagnostic presentation moderated the association between attempted avoidance of enjoyable foods and LOC eating such that this association was significantly stronger for those on the BN\u2010spectrum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dietary restraint seems to be more predictive of LOC eating than dietary restriction both within\u2010 and between\u2010subjects. Future treatments should target dietary restraint to reduce LOC eating.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Public Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some research suggests that dietary restriction (i.e., reduced calorie intake) and restraint (i.e., attempted restriction) may not be linked to LOC eating in all contexts. We found that dietary restraint is more predictive of LOC eating than dietary restriction both within and between individuals. Future treatments should target dietary restraint to reduce LOC eating.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T12:59:22Z","timestamp":1674478762000},"page":"969-977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Differentiating types of dietary restraint and their momentary relations with loss\u2010of\u2010control eating"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4666-588X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Manasse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Weight Eating and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center) Drexel University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6737-7027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth W.","family":"Lampe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Weight Eating and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center) Drexel University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Drexel University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3057-6812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie R.","family":"Abber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Florida State University  Tallahassee Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brighid","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Weight Eating and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center) Drexel University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paakhi","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Weight Eating and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center) Drexel University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne S.","family":"Juarascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Weight Eating and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center) Drexel University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Drexel University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-019-0327-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12295"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2014.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2015.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20186"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders","author":"Fairburn C. 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