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This study examined eating disorder\u2010 and psychopathology\u2010related predictors for NF treatment success in BED.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with BED (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200978) were randomized to 12 sessions of real\u2010time functional near\u2010infrared spectroscopy (rtfNIRS)\u2010NF, targeting individual prefrontal cortex signal up\u2010regulation, electroencephalography (EEG)\u2010NF, targeting down\u2010regulation of fronto\u2010central beta activity, or waitlist (WL). The few studies assessing predictors for clinical outcomes after NF and evidenced predictors for psychotherapy guided the selection of baseline eating disorder\u2010related predictors, including objective binge\u2010eating (OBE) frequency, eating disorder psychopathology (EDP), food cravings, and body mass index (BMI), and general psychopathology\u2010related predictors, including depressive and anxiety symptoms, impulsivity, emotion dysregulation, and self\u2010efficacy. These questionnaire\u2010based or objectively assessed (BMI) predictors were regressed on outcomes OBE frequency and EDP as key features of BED at post\u2010treatment (t1) and 6\u2010month follow\u2010up (t2) in preregistered generalized mixed models (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/4aktp\">https:\/\/osf.io\/4aktp<\/jats:ext-link>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher EDP, food cravings, and BMI predicted worse outcomes across all groups at t1 and t2. General psychopathology\u2010related predictors did not predict outcomes at t1 and t2. Explorative analyses indicated that lower OBE frequency and higher self\u2010efficacy predicted lower OBE frequency, and lower EDP predicted lower EDP after the waiting period in WL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consistent with findings for psychotherapy, higher eating disorder\u2010related predictors were associated with higher EDP and OBE frequency. The specificity of psychopathological predictors for NF treatment success warrants further examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Public Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>This exploratory study firstly assessed eating disorder\u2010 and psychopathology\u2010related predictors for neurofeedback treatment outcome in binge\u2010eating disorder and overweight. Findings showed an association between higher eating disorder symptoms and worse neurofeedback outcomes, indicating special needs to be considered in neurofeedback treatment for patients with a higher binge\u2010eating disorder\u00a0symptom burden. In general, outcomes and assignment to neurofeedback treatment may be improved upon consideration of baseline psychological variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T10:59:25Z","timestamp":1695380365000},"page":"2283-2294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Predictors of neurofeedback treatment outcome in <scp>binge\u2010eating disorder<\/scp>: An exploratory study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5439-8147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah A.","family":"R\u00f6sch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit Leipzig University Medical Center  Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"International Max Planck Research School NeuroCom  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7794-2897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricarda","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit Leipzig University Medical Center  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2775-1296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Hilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit Leipzig University Medical Center  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Adcock R. 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