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There is considerable bio\u2010behavioral overlap between AN and obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder (OCD), therefore it is plausible that similar mechanisms underlie compulsive behavior in both populations. While the association between these conditions is widely acknowledged, defining the shared mechanisms for compulsive behavior in AN and OCD requires a novel approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present an argument that a better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms that underpin compulsive exercise in AN can be achieved in two critical ways. First, by applying a framework of the neuronal control of OCD to exercise behavior in AN, and second, by taking better advantage of the activity\u2010based anorexia (ABA) rodent model to directly test this framework in the context of feeding pathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010disciplinary approach that spans preclinical, neuroimaging, and clinical research as well as compulsive neurocircuitry and behavior can advance our understanding of when, why, and how\u00a0compulsive exercise develops in the context of AN and provide targets for novel treatment strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this article, we (i) link the expression of compulsive behavior in AN and OCD via a transition between goal\u2010directed and habitual behavior, (ii) present disrupted cortico\u2010striatal circuitry as a key substrate for the development of compulsive behavior in both conditions, and (iii) highlight the utility of the ABA rodent model to better understand the mechanisms of compulsive behavior relevant to AN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Public Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals with AN who exercise compulsively are at risk of worse health outcomes and have poorer responses to standard treatments. However, when, why, and how compulsive exercise develops in AN remains inadequately understood. Identifying whether the neural circuitry underlying compulsive behavior in OCD also controls hyperactivity in the activity\u2010based anorexia model will aid in the development of novel eating disorder treatment strategies for this high\u2010risk population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T11:29:36Z","timestamp":1704367776000},"page":"1406-1417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A transdiagnostic and translational framework for delineating the neuronal mechanisms of compulsive exercise in anorexia nervosa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2244-7885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Conn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Monash University  Clayton Australia"},{"name":"Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute  Clayton Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9746-7947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Monash University  Clayton Australia"},{"name":"Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute  Clayton Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8861-8547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Gorrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3293-8242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. 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