{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:35:34Z","timestamp":1788914134843,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 MH121780"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 MH121780"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 MH112330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 MH112330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Eating Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious psychiatric illness associated with significant medical and psychiatric comorbidity and impairment. Theoretical models of AN and self\u2010report studies suggest that negative self\u2010evaluation (i.e., low self\u2010esteem) is related to the development and maintenance of AN. The goal of this study was to extend findings from self\u2010report methodology using a neurocognitive task that probes self\u2010evaluation implicitly and explicitly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared female adolescent and adult patients with AN (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200935) and healthy controls (HC, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200938) on explicit (i.e., endorsement of words as self\u2010relevant), implicit (recall, recognition, reaction time), and composite (i.e., valence index, bias score, drift rates) indices of self\u2010evaluation. We applied a drift\u2010diffusion model to compute the drift rates, reflecting participants' decision\u2010making process as to whether words were self\u2010relevant. The association between self\u2010evaluation indices and eating disorder severity was examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were significant <jats:italic>Group<\/jats:italic> \u00d7 <jats:italic>Condition<\/jats:italic> interaction effects for all explicit and implicit measures (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>'s\u2009\u2264\u2009.01), where the AN group endorsed, recalled, and recognized more negative relative to positive words than HC. The AN group had more negative valence index and bias scores, and slower drift rate away from negative words, reflecting more negative self\u2010evaluation. The finding for recall was attenuated when individuals with depression were excluded. Measures of self\u2010evaluation bias were not related to eating disorder severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a neurocognitive approach that includes explicit and implicit indices of bias, results suggest that patients with AN have more negative self\u2010evaluation. Due to the cross\u2010sectional design, additional studies are needed to further evaluate directionality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Public Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Negative self\u2010evaluation\/low self\u2010esteem is thought to contribute to eating disorder symptoms. Findings of this study using a neurocognitive task to probe self\u2010evaluation suggested that individuals with anorexia nervosa have more negative self\u2010evaluation, reflected by endorsing and remembering more negative (than positive) words compared to healthy controls, and doing so faster. Targeting the construct of negative self\u2010evaluation in treatment of AN may be warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T12:59:09Z","timestamp":1709557149000},"page":"1234-1244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Self\u2010referential processing in anorexia nervosa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2092-4940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena J.","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivieosa","family":"Aimufua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1214-1965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Pagliaccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8097-4483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stewart A.","family":"Shankman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8434-8212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna E.","family":"Steinglass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2319-4744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Randy P.","family":"Auerbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4315-4096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B. Timothy","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6388-0306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Ranzenhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2021.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM\u20105TM(5th ed.).","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787.x10_Feeding_and_Eating_Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12686"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Beck depression inventory\u2010II","author":"Beck A. T.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-009-9279-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20931"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"Bradley M. M. &Lang P. J.(1999).Affective norms for English words (ANEW): Instruction manual and affective ratings (Vol. 30 No. 1 pp. 25\u201336). Technical report C\u20101 the Center for Research in Psychophysiology University of Florida."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"Eating disorders. Obesity, anorexia nervosa, and the person within","author":"Bruch H.","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22261"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2015.1010488"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054677"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2433"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"788","article-title":"Explicit, implicit and discrepant self\u2010esteem in eating disorders","volume":"129","author":"Jong M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transdiagnostic Treatment for Eating Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.118980"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211.2017.1282517"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-020-01002-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199412)16:4<363::AID-EAT2260160405>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0005-7967(02)00088-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","volume-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM\u20105\u2014Research version (SCID\u20105\u2010RV)","author":"First M. B.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032639"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2014.990358"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-022-01033-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22975"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199707000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00264"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21677026221144255"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030914"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702616654898"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2013.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530318666180213111637"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nss093"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2867"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000739"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2012-1048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2013.00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2020.101384"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Eating Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eat.24176","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T05:17:16Z","timestamp":1715663836000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eat.24176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eat.24176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.24176","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0276-3478","1098-108X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0276-3478","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-108X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}