{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:05:47Z","timestamp":1792551947543,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23MH115184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23MH115184"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Eating Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a pernicious psychiatric disorder which is principally characterized by a fear of weight gain. Notwithstanding the centrality of fear in the psychopathology of AN, controlled assessments of negative valence systems are lacking. Herein we assess fear conditioning in adolescent females with AN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adolescent girls (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>age<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200914.6\u2009years, \u00b11.57) with DSM\u20105 diagnoses of AN (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200925) and age\u2010matched control girls (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>age<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200914.8\u2009years, \u00b11.46) with no DSM\u20105 diagnoses (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200925) completed structured clinical interviews and participated in a classical three\u2010phase Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm. Participants with comorbid anxiety disorders were excluded. Skin conductance response (SCR) was measured, alongside self\u2010reported fear, valence, and fear expectancy ratings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both groups demonstrated significant differential acquisition across all four measures. Regarding group comparisons, no differences emerged for self\u2010reported fear, valence, and fear expectancy ratings during acquisition, although for SCR, those with AN demonstrated reduced physiological arousal relative to controls. Both groups demonstrated significant differential extinction for unconditioned stimuli (US) expectancy, self\u2010report fear, and self\u2010report valence. No statistically significant group differences were evident during extinction to the conditioned stimuli (CS)+, on any outcome measure. However, controls reported more positive valence to the CS\u2212 than those with AN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Contrary to our hypotheses, our preliminary assessment did not find support for elevated fear responding among adolescent girls with AN with regards to fear acquisition or extinction. These data suggest that AN in adolescent girls may not be associated with a heightened propensity to acquire fear, but conversely, may suggest that exposure treatments for AN may be helpful, since extinction learning is intact in AN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Public significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>AN is characterized by fear\u2010related symptoms, including food and weight\u2010related fear, and behavioral avoidance, yet controlled studies assessing fear learning are limited. Our preliminary assessment of adolescent AN indicates no abnormalities in fear learning among adolescents with AN. These findings may inform existing mechanistic models of AN psychopathology, and the development of exposure\u2010based treatments for AN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T11:34:57Z","timestamp":1709120097000},"page":"1499-1509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A <scp>multi\u2010modal<\/scp> assessment of fear conditioning in adolescent anorexia nervosa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5588-2915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stuart B.","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9134-317X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Strober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Biobehavioral Sciences University of California, Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7293-9496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Le Grange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience (Emeritus) The University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1362-2034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Schauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3704-5240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle G.","family":"Craske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Biobehavioral Sciences University of California, Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Division of Humanities and Social Sciences California Institute of Technology  Pasadena California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0187-671X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomislav D.","family":"Zbozinek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Biobehavioral Sciences University of California, Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Division of Humanities and Social Sciences California Institute of Technology  Pasadena California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2565"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1990.tb01966.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000194"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.3.305"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101851"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2639"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199504)17:3<291::AID-EAT2260170310>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16060671"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22353"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","volume-title":"Cognitive behaviour therapy and eating disorders","author":"Fairburn C. 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