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Participants were treated in a 6\u2010day\u2010per\u2010week partial\u2010hospital program. Participants were assessed for eating disorder\u2010specific and non\u2010specific psychopathology. The analyses used established machine learning procedures combined in an ensemble model from support vector machine learning, random forest prediction, and the elastic net regularized regression with an exploration (training; 75%) and confirmation (test; 25%) split of the data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The models predicting body mass index (BMI) at 6\u2010month follow\u2010up explained a 28.6% variance in the training set (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009120). The model had good performance in predicting 6\u2010month BMI in the test dataset (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200940), with predicted BMI significantly correlating with actual BMI (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.51, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). The change in BMI from admission to discharge was the most important predictor, strongly correlating with reported BMI at 6\u2010month follow\u2010up (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.55). Behavioral variables were much less predictive of BMI outcome. Results were similar for z\u2010transformed BMI in the adolescent\u2010only group. Length of stay was most predictive of weight gain in treatment (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.56) but did not predict longer\u2010term BMI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study, using an agnostic ensemble machine learning approach in the largest to\u2010date sample of individuals with anorexia nervosa, suggests that achieving weight gain goals in treatment predicts longer\u2010term weight\u2010related outcomes. Other potential predictors, personality, mood, or eating disorder\u2010specific symptoms were relatively much less predictive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Public Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results from this study indicate that the amount of weight gained during treatment predicts BMI 6\u2009months after discharge from a high level of care. This suggests that patients require sufficient time in a higher level of care treatment to meet their specific weight goals and be able to maintain normal weight.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]],"date-time":"2024-04-13T04:30:21Z","timestamp":1712982621000},"page":"1653-1667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Weight gained during treatment predicts <scp>6\u2010month<\/scp> body mass index in a large sample of patients with anorexia nervosa using ensemble machine learning"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6590-3441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guido K. 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