{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:04:39Z","timestamp":1780067079628,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH108595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH108595"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24MH120568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24MH120568"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23125143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23125143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DK131334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DK131334"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24MH135189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24MH135189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23MH127465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23MH127465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016758","name":"Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 DK040561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DK040561"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016758","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005294","name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1UL1TR002541\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UL1TR002541\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005294","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Eating Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) involves restrictive eating driven by sensory sensitivity, low interest in food, or fear of negative consequences of eating. ARFID affects males and females equally and presents across the weight spectrum. Leptin, an anorexigenic hormone linked to adiposity, may contribute to low hunger and early satiety in ARFID. Prior findings indicate low leptin levels in low\u2010weight females with ARFID; however, the role of leptin in ARFID across weight status and sex remains unknown. We hypothesized that youth with full\/subthreshold ARFID, including a subgroup of low\u2010weight males, would exhibit lower fasting leptin levels than healthy controls (HCs). We explored cross\u2010sectional and longitudinal associations between leptin and clinical characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants were youth aged 10\u201323\u2009years (BMI percentile\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      [SD]\u2009=\u200941.4 (33.6)) with full\/subthreshold ARFID (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200995; 49.5% female) and HCs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200928; 50.0% female). At baseline, participants completed questionnaires, a fasted blood draw, and a diagnostic interview for ARFID, readministered at 1\u2010 and 2year follow\u2010ups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Leptin levels did not differ between ARFID and HC groups. Low\u2010weight ARFID males had significantly lower leptin than HC males (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.258); however, this difference was nonsignificant after adjusting for BMI percentile. Leptin showed medium\u2010to\u2010large positive associations with age, BMI, and anxiety but not appetite or ARFID severity. Baseline leptin did not predict symptom or weight changes longitudinally.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypoleptinemia was only evident in low\u2010weight ARIFD and strongly correlated with BMI percentile. However, relationships with anxiety may suggest additional roles of leptin in underlying ARFID psychopathology. Findings should be replicated in larger, more representative samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.70043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T05:11:43Z","timestamp":1770009103000},"page":"1072-1080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum Leptin in Youth and Young Adults With Avoidant\/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Across the Weight Spectrum"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7337-0796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taylor L.","family":"Rezeppa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Ohio University  Athens Ohio USA"},{"name":"Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7484-5554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittoria","family":"Trolio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3608-5395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilian P.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Mass General Brigham Multidisciplinary Eating Disorders Research Collaborative, Mass General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5887-5985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Mass General Brigham Multidisciplinary Eating Disorders Research Collaborative, Mass General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2439-6519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Breithaupt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Mass General Brigham Multidisciplinary Eating Disorders Research Collaborative, Mass General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6003-489X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Kuhnle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Neuroendocrine Unit Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8407-1636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Gydus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7317-5440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristine","family":"Hauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Neuroendocrine Unit Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9721-7817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franziska","family":"Plessow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Neuroendocrine Unit Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1586-0930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamryn T.","family":"Eddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Mass General Brigham Multidisciplinary Eating Disorders Research Collaborative, Mass General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9405-2981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madhusmita","family":"Misra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Mass General Brigham Multidisciplinary Eating Disorders Research Collaborative, Mass General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5571-2273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Micali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass General Brigham Multidisciplinary Eating Disorders Research Collaborative, Mass General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"GOSH Institute of Child Health University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2601-581X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Mass General Brigham Multidisciplinary Eating Disorders Research Collaborative, Mass General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8619-3349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Lawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass General Brigham Multidisciplinary Eating Disorders Research Collaborative, Mass General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Neuroendocrine Unit Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2059-3256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Burton\u2010Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Mass General Brigham Multidisciplinary Eating Disorders Research Collaborative, Mass General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Center for Neurointestinal Health, Division of Gastroenterology Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8946-9977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kendra R.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Mass General Brigham Multidisciplinary Eating Disorders Research Collaborative, Mass General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.3.5559"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23261"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvad087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022\u2010006x.56.6.893"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory\u2010II","author":"Beck A. T.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Beck Youth InventoriesSecond Edition for Children and Adolescents Manual","author":"Beck J. S.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103350"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22958"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.21m14111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-4444-8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13m08753"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.2000.0764"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024338"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743\u20106109.2011.02514.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Evaluation of the Effects of Freeze\u2010Thaw Cycles on the Stability of Diabetes\u2010Related Metabolic Biomarkers in Plasma Samples","volume":"11","author":"Gerwig R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Biomedical Laboratory Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.20m13831"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2016.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749\u20106632.2002.tb04293.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23191"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2021.1894944"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2012.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"Q8","volume-title":"Children's Depression Inventory: Manual","author":"Kovacs M.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: Methods and Development","volume":"246","author":"Kuczmarski R. J.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vital and Health Statistics. Series 11, Data From the National Health Survey"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102265.2011.04182.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508901103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/42.6.942"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165\u20101781(00)00144\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2012.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2006.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.7.4077"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Effect of Body Mass Index on Serum Leptin Levels","volume":"23","author":"Paul R. F.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad \u2010 Pakistan"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2024.107063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2964"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033308"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","volume-title":"Manual for the State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory","author":"Spielberger C. D.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","volume-title":"Cognitive\u2010Behavioral Therapy for Avoidant\/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: Children, Adolescents, and Adults","author":"Thomas J. J.","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Eating Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eat.70043","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/eat.70043","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eat.70043","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:17:36Z","timestamp":1780064256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eat.70043"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eat.70043"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.70043","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0276-3478","1098-108X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0276-3478","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-108X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}