{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T20:28:43Z","timestamp":1789417723477,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH108595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH108595"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24MH120568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24MH120568"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016758","name":"Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24MH135189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24MH135189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016758","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016758","name":"Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30DK04056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK04056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016758","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016758","name":"Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DK131334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DK131334"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016758","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Eating Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterized by persistent avoidant\/restrictive eating unrelated to body image. Sex differences in clinical phenotypes and neurobiology of ARFID are understudied. We hypothesized that females with ARFID would have a greater frequency of the lack of interest and fear of aversive consequences phenotypes, higher levels of anorexigenic hormones, and greater fMRI activation in brain regions associated with cognitive control during a food cue paradigm. We further hypothesized that males with ARFID would have a greater frequency of the sensory sensitivity profile, higher levels of orexigenic hormones, and greater fMRI activation in reward processing brain regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recruited 96 children and adolescents with ARFID and sub\u2010threshold ARFID (49% female) from two studies on the neurobiology of ARFID and low weight eating disorders from 2016 to 2022. We analyzed ARFID clinical phenotypes; appetite\u2010regulating hormones, ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide YY (PYY), and oxytocin; and fMRI activation of cognitive control and reward\u2010related brain regions during a food cue paradigm using frequentist and Bayesian statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Contrary to our hypothesis, there were no sex differences in frequency of ARFID clinical phenotypes, appetite\u2010regulating hormone levels, or brain activation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first study to provide empirical evidence that ARFID has a similar clinical and neurobiological presentation in males and females.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.70081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T09:58:59Z","timestamp":1778061539000},"page":"1983-1991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Phenotypes and Neurobiology of Youth With Avoidant\/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (\n                    <scp>ARFID<\/scp>\n                    ) Across Sex"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6966-4134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ethiopia D.","family":"Getachew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Eating Disorders Research Collaborative, Mass\u2010General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3907-6630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie\u2010Louis","family":"Wronski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Eating Disorders Research Collaborative, Mass\u2010General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3061-1964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avery L.","family":"Van De Water","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Eating Disorders Research Collaborative, Mass\u2010General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2439-6519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Breithaupt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Eating Disorders Research Collaborative, Mass\u2010General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8946-9977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kendra","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Eating Disorders Research Collaborative, Mass\u2010General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2059-3256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Burton\u2010Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Eating Disorders Research Collaborative, Mass\u2010General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1950-3332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. Evelyna","family":"Kambanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Eating Disorders Research Collaborative, Mass\u2010General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9405-2981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madhusmita","family":"Misra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Eating Disorders Research Collaborative, Mass\u2010General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1586-0930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamryn","family":"Eddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Eating Disorders Research Collaborative, Mass\u2010General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9721-7817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franziska","family":"Plessow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Eating Disorders Research Collaborative, Mass\u2010General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neuroscience University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5571-2273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Micali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eating Disorders Research Unit, Mental Health Center Ballerup, Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark  Ballerup Denmark"},{"name":"Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Capital Region of Denmark Mental Health Services Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Psychiatric Center Sct. 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