{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T20:57:26Z","timestamp":1785877046265,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Eating Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this narrative review, I highlight diversity\u2010related developments in eating disorder (ED) research, situate my own program of work on adult men within the broader literature on boys and men, and focus on risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment in boys and men. I build on recent reviews on gender in EDs but adopt a gender\u2010critical perspective that asks why males remain comparatively invisible in epidemiology, diagnosis, and services despite their substantial burden of illness. EDs in males span the full diagnostic spectrum and often present with muscularity\u2010oriented body dissatisfaction, compulsive exercise, and performance\u2010enhancing substance use that are poorly captured by traditional, thinness\u2010focused tools. Internalized stigma regarding the construction of EDs as \u201cwomen's disorders\u201d and traditional masculinity norms create gender\u2010specific barriers to recognition and help\u2010seeking in males. Minority stress (i.e., stress related to discrimination, stigma, or social rejection among sexual and gender minorities) can further shape the manifestation and maintenance of EDs in sexual and gender minority males. Given the emerging evidence for distinct male phenotypes and pathways into care, there is a high need for gender\u2010sensitive diagnostics, treatment settings, and health policies that make EDs in males more visible, more intelligible, and more treatable across developmental stages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.70085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T07:26:17Z","timestamp":1774337177000},"page":"1397-1402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Eating Disorders in Boys and Men: A Gender\u2010Critical Narrative Review on Recognition, Stigma, and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2069-0024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Paslakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Campus East\u2010Westphalia, Ruhr\u2010University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003185512"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/medhum\u20102024\u2010013003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010clinpsy\u2010080921\u2010074125"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23699"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1583672"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102645"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.3131"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy342"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.101980"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215\u20100366(21)00395\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14112240"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.820043"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2023.0246"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643\u2010025\u201003041\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029597"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22781"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337\u2010023\u201000757\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152602"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337\u2010025\u201001407\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0333997"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337\u2010024\u201001152\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.70080"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15579883251321670"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000645"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2019.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.101941"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337\u2010023\u201000806\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12670"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2025.102554"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215\u20100366(20)30566\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337\u2010025\u201001298\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13091234"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.70027"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","unstructured":"Zaiser C. 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