{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:46:24Z","timestamp":1786117584167,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK114075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK114075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Eating Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n Although trials have documented the overall effectiveness of cognitive\u2010behavioral therapy (CBT) and lisdexamfetamine (LDX) for binge\u2010eating disorder (BED), the nature and extent of individual patient variability in outcomes have not been examined. This secondary analysis of a controlled trial examined heterogeneity of outcomes with CBT and LDX, alone and combined, for BED.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n One hundred and forty\u2010one patients with BED with co\u2010occurring obesity were randomized to CBT, LDX, or combined CBT+LDX 3\u2010month treatments. Changes in binge\u2010eating frequency, eating\u2010disorder psychopathology, weight, and depression were repeatedly assessed. Outcomes were dichotomized as increased or decreased\/no change, and differences between treatments were explored. Corset plots were used to examine changes in outcomes at the patient level.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In CBT, 94.4% (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200934) patients reported decreased binge\u2010eating frequency and 75.0% (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200924) decreased eating\u2010disorder psychopathology. In LDX, 90.5% (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200938) reported decreased binge\u2010eating frequency and 89.7% (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200935) decreased eating\u2010disorder psychopathology. In CBT+LDX, 100% (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200944) reported improvements in binge eating and eating\u2010disorder psychopathology. Patients not prescribed LDX had significantly fewer decreases in weight: in CBT, 55.6% (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200920) had weight loss, compared to 92.9% (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200939) in LDX and 81.3% (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20094) in CBT+LDX. No differences in decreased depression scores were observed across treatments (80.0% (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200928) in CBT; 89.2% (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200933) in LDX; 86.1% (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200938) in CBT+LDX).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Frequency of individual cases with increases in binge\u2010eating, eating\u2010disorder psychopathology, and depression were low in CBT and LDX treatments, and particularly so for the combined CBT+LDX approach. These participant\u2010level findings add important clinical context regarding the significant overall improvements associated with CBT, LDX, and CBT+LDX for BED.<\/jats:p>\n \n Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n Clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n registration: NCT03924193 (Cognitive\u2010Behavioral and Pharmacologic (LDX) Treatment of Binge\u2010Eating Disorder and Obesity: Acute Treatment)\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.70115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:44:59Z","timestamp":1777527899000},"page":"1838-1846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Examining Heterogeneity of Patient Outcomes in a Randomized Controlled Trial for Binge\u2010Eating Disorder Testing Cognitive\u2010Behavioral Therapy and Lisdexamfetamine, Alone and Combined"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3569-4666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sydney","family":"Yurkow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4381-5245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William P.","family":"Bowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astronomy Department Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8760-8040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Ivezaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0245-3444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos M.","family":"Grilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beck A. T.1996.\u201cManual for the Beck Depression Inventory\u2010II.\u201d (No Title).","DOI":"10.1037\/t00742-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(88)90050-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"Belisario K.2021.\u201cCorset Plots\u2014Visualizing Heterogeneity in Change Outcomes Across Two Timepoints.\u201dhttps:\/\/github.com\/kbelisar\/ggcorset."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20137"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","volume-title":"Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders","author":"Fairburn C.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"361","volume-title":"Binge Eating: Nature, Assessment, and Treatment","author":"Fairburn C. 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