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We tested whether exogenous ketone supplementation modulates neural responses in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) during a task previously shown to elicit altered prediction\u2010error signaling in ED populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010two participants across the AN and BN spectrum (AN:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098; OSFED\u2010AN:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099; BN:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094; OSFED\u2010BN:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091) spanning a wide range of ages (19.0\u201352.1\u2009years) and body mass index (BMI: 17.2\u201346.2) were studied in a randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled crossover design. On separate days, participants consumed 10\u2009g beta\u2010hydroxybutyrate (BHB) or placebo prior to completing a taste\u2010based conditioning task during electroencephalography (EEG). Trial\u2010level neural sensitivity to prediction error during unexpected taste receipt and omission was indexed using the reward positivity (RewP\/FRN) and late positive potential (LPP) event\u2010related potentials (ERPs), cortical markers of outcome salience linked to dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Active BHB increased blood ketone levels. Compared to placebo, BHB was associated with a significant reduction in LPP sensitivity to unsigned prediction error (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028), controlling for diagnosis, comorbidity, and medication use. Poorer self\u2010esteem was associated with a smaller ketone\u2010related reduction in LPP sensitivity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that EEG\u2010based measures can capture prediction\u2010error processing during cue\u2010taste learning and that exogenous ketones may attenuate neural sensitivity to salient taste outcomes in EDs. Further research is needed to determine whether such modulation translates into clinically meaningful changes in illness behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.70154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T22:36:20Z","timestamp":1782858980000},"page":"2280-2293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ketone Supplementation Attenuates Prediction Error Taste Response in Eating Disorders: A Proof\u2010of\u2010Concept Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1738-7163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glen","family":"Forester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biobehavioral Research Sanford Research  Fargo North Dakota USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences  Fargo North Dakota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2322-0447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Skylar","family":"Swindle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9763-514X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan E.","family":"Shott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6590-3441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guido K. 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