{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:56:23Z","timestamp":1790913383560,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Eating Disorders"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To synthesize recent global evidence on the prevalence of eating disorders and disordered eating among students in Grades 1\u201312.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This rapid review and meta\u2010analysis followed Cochrane Rapid Review Methods and PRISMA guidelines. We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), PsycINFO, and Scopus for peer\u2010reviewed literature and ProQuest Dissertations &amp; Theses Global for gray literature published up to May 24, 2026. No language restrictions were applied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 386 outcomes involving 1,989,819 participants were included, with 75 (19.4%) reporting eating disorders and 311 (80.6%) reporting disordered eating. The pooled prevalence of eating disorders was 2.9% (95% CI: 2.3%\u20133.6%) and was higher among girl than boy students (3.7% vs. 1.7%). The pooled prevalence of disordered eating was 19.8% (95% CI: 18.2%\u201321.5%), also higher among girls than boys (23.2% vs. 15.7%). The highest pooled prevalence of eating disorders was reported in Oman (9.5%), Taiwan (9.2%), and Iran (5.5%), while disordered eating was highest in Indonesia (69.4%), Pakistan (42.0%), and Slovenia (39.8%). Disordered eating was more common in public schools and among adolescents aged 15\u201316\u2009years. Studies at high risk of bias reported a higher pooled prevalence of eating disorders than those at low risk of bias (4.6% vs. 2.1%), whereas the pooled prevalence of disordered eating was comparable between studies at high and low risk of bias (20.0% vs. 21.6%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Disordered eating is highly prevalent among school\u2010based students. Elevated prevalence among girl students, those aged 15\u201316\u2009years, and public\u2010school students suggests a need for targeted screening, prevention, and early intervention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.70226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:27:06Z","timestamp":1790911626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of Eating Disorders and Disordered Eating Among School\u2010Based Students: A Rapid Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5675-9396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thi Ngoc Anh","family":"Hoang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health, Curtin University  Bentley Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Public Health, Phenikaa School of Medicine and Pharmacy Phenikaa University  Hanoi Vietnam"},{"name":"headspace Schools &amp; Communities, headspace National Youth Mental Health Foundation  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6400-5013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"headspace Schools &amp; Communities, headspace National Youth Mental Health Foundation  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4138-6427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ngoc Minh","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health, Curtin University  Bentley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3576-4269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sana","family":"Farzam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health, Curtin University  Bentley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4285-9409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chau","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health, Curtin University  Bentley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0172-9288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Penelope","family":"Hasking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health, Curtin University  Bentley Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"enAble Institute, Curtin University  Bentley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9124047"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24302"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2021.1969495"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519\u2010022\u201001452\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15214643"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2024.101774"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095234"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337\u2010022\u201000717\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567\u2010022\u201000404\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2021.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","unstructured":"DeepL SE.2026.\u201cDeepL Translator.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.deepl.com\/en\/translator."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"Department of Health State Government Victoria.2014.\u201cVictorian Eating Disorders Strategy. Melbourne Australia: Victorian Government.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.health.vic.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/migrated\/files\/collections\/research\u2010and\u2010reports\/4\/410005\u2010eating\u2010disorder\u2010strategy\u2010a4\u2010web2\u2010\u2010\u2010pdf.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.101998"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ijamh\u20102024\u20100193"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy342"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj\u20102023\u2010076335"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337\u2010023\u201000849\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337\u2010025\u201001512\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034\u2010022\u201000482\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16203450"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.12802"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","volume-title":"2023 Trends Shaping the Health Economy: Behavioral Health","author":"Jain S.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2568"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych\u20102024\u2010101584"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.5848"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23501"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","article-title":"Interrater Reliability: The Kappa Statistic","volume":"22","author":"McHugh M. L.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochemia Medica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24483"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668\u2010020\u201000309\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","volume-title":"The Promise of Adolescence: Realizing Opportunity for All Youth","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2024.101863"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2023.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7186.765"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1178632917694350"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2023.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/gmh.2023.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052\u2010025\u201001958\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000746"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70771"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children8030176"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2023.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2011.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2022078"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","unstructured":"The Guardian.2023.\u201cChildren With Eating Disorders Not Given Timely Access to Care NHS Data Shows.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2023\/aug\/01\/children\u2010with\u2010eating\u2010disorders\u2010not\u2010given\u2010timely\u2010access\u2010to\u2010care\u2010nhs\u2010data\u2010shows."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337\u2010022\u201000656\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","unstructured":"vanEeden A.2025.\u201cMirror Mirror on the Wall Who Is the Most at Risk of All? Epidemiological Studies on Eating Disorders.\u201dDoctoral dissertation University of Groningen."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000641"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2024.795"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104\u2010016\u20102318\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032446"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1474729"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Eating Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eat.70226","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/eat.70226","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eat.70226","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:27:10Z","timestamp":1790911630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eat.70226"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eat.70226"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.70226","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0276-3478","1098-108X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0276-3478","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-108X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eat.70226"}}