{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:48:28Z","timestamp":1791953308428,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Eating Disorders"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nutritional rehabilitation and weight restoration remain key components of the treatment calculus for individuals suffering with anorexia nervosa (AN). While voluntary oral food intake has long been the most frequently used and preferred method to accomplish this, it is not uncommon for these individuals occasionally to require alternative modes of refeeding, such as tube feeding or even intravenous feeding (total parental nutrition; TPN). In addition, there are definite, albeit rare, indications to revert to involuntary feedings and even restraints if the medical condition becomes unstable due to extremely low body weight or hypoglycemia, which are accompanied by impending organ failure or cardiovascular decline. Reversion to compulsory feedings has recently evoked increasing discussion in the eating disorder literature both in favor of and in opposition to them. Individual's right to self\u2010determination is pitted against the physician's obligation to ensure the optimal health outcome for their patient, that is, beneficence. This commentary reflects on the recent epidemiological study by Ino et\u00a0al. (2026), which characterizes the national United States prevalence and temporal trends in intensive nutritional interventions and physical restraints for individuals with AN. The authors found increasing trends from 2017 to 2022, and expressed concerns about the ethical ramifications of these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.70230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:16:12Z","timestamp":1791951372000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intensive Nutritional Interventions for Anorexia Nervosa: A Commentary on Ino et\u00a0al. (2026)"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9598-6428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip S.","family":"Mehler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eating Recovery Center  Denver Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Colorado  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0423-7403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renee D.","family":"Rienecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eating Recovery Center  Denver Colorado USA"},{"name":"Florida State University  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.3359","article-title":"Short\u2010Term Outcomes of the Study of Refeeding to Optimize Inpatient Gains for Patients With Anorexia Nervosa: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"175","author":"Garber A. K.","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2014.915692","article-title":"Is the Next Generation of Physicians Adequately Prepared to Diagnose and Treat Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents?","volume":"22","author":"Girz L.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eating Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.70149"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23664","article-title":"What Accounts for the High Mortality of Anorexia Nervosa?","volume":"55","author":"Mehler P. S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.70026","article-title":"Clinicians' Experiences With Providing Compulsory Nasogastric Tube Feeding: A Commentary on Offringa Et\u00a0al. (2025)","volume":"59","author":"Rienecke R. D.","year":"2026","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Eating Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eat.70230","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/eat.70230","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/eat.70230","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:16:13Z","timestamp":1791951373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/eat.70230"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"references-count":5,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/eat.70230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.70230","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0276-3478","1098-108X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0276-3478","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-108X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eat.70230"}}