{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T10:10:07Z","timestamp":1780395007806,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000087","name":"Office of Polar Programs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ARC\u20101263051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARC\u20101263051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000087","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000202","name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F20AC00328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F20AC00328"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wetlands in Arctic tundra support abundant breeding waterbirds. Wetland types differing in area, depth, vegetation, and invertebrate biomass density may vary in importance to birds, and in vulnerability to climate change. We studied availability and use of different wetland types by prelaying females of four species of sea ducks (Mergini) breeding on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska, USA: long\u2010tailed ducks (<jats:italic>Clangula hyemalis<\/jats:italic>) and Steller's (<jats:italic>Polysticta stelleri<\/jats:italic>), spectacled (<jats:italic>Somateria fischeri<\/jats:italic>), and king eiders (<jats:italic>Somateria spectabilis<\/jats:italic>). All four species preferred shallow vegetated wetlands versus deeper lakes. The ducks spent almost all their active time feeding, but their occurrence in different wetland types was not affected by the relative biomass density of known prey or of all invertebrates that we sampled combined. Sea ducks strongly preferred wetlands dominated by emergent and submersed <jats:italic>Arctophila fulva<\/jats:italic> over those dominated by the sedge <jats:italic>Carex aquatilis<\/jats:italic>, despite the much greater number, total area, and invertebrate biomass density of <jats:italic>Carex<\/jats:italic> wetlands. The hens depend heavily on local invertebrate prey for protein to produce eggs; thus, their preference for <jats:italic>Arctophila<\/jats:italic> wetlands likely reflects greater accessibility of prey in the near\u2010surface canopy and detritus of <jats:italic>Arctophila<\/jats:italic>. Such shallow wetlands decreased substantially in number (\u221217%) and area (\u221230%) over 62\u2009years before 2013 and appear highly susceptible to further declines with climate warming. Impacts on sea ducks of climate\u2010driven changes in availability of important wetland types will depend on their adaptability in exploiting alternative wetlands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.10375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T05:58:55Z","timestamp":1695275935000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prey availability and foraging activity by tundra\u2010nesting sea ducks: Strong preference for specific wetland types"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2453-8388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micah W. C.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Center for Ecology Southern Illinois University  Carbondale Illinois USA"},{"name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northern Alaska Fish and Wildlife Field Office  Fairbanks Alaska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0720-5047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James R.","family":"Lovvorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Center for Ecology Southern Illinois University  Carbondale Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan R.","family":"Graff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northern Alaska Fish and Wildlife Field Office  Fairbanks Alaska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neesha C.","family":"Stellrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northern Alaska Fish and Wildlife Field Office  Fairbanks Alaska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Plesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Center for Ecology Southern Illinois University  Carbondale Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Ecology and conservation of North American Sea","author":"Alisauskas R. T.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5751\/ACE-01383-140118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13469"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2014JG002778"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Breeding ecology of spectacled eiders Somateria fischeri in northern Alaska","volume":"55","author":"Bart J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Wild"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"Bergman R. D. Howard R. L. Abraham K. F. &Weller M. W.(1977).Water birds and their wetland resources in relation to oil development at Storkerson Point Alaska. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv. Resource Publication 129 Washington DC USA. 38 pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"BirdLife International. (2022a).Species factsheet:Clangula hyemalis.http:\/\/datazone.birdlife.org\/species\/factsheet\/long\u2010tailed\u2010duck\u2010clangula\u2010hyemalis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"BirdLife International. (2022b).Species factsheet:Polysticta stelleri.http:\/\/datazone.birdlife.org\/species\/factsheet\/stellers\u2010eider\u2010polysticta\u2010stelleri"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"BirdLife International. (2022c).Species factsheet:Somateria fischeri.http:\/\/datazone.birdlife.org\/species\/factsheet\/spectacled\u2010eider\u2010somateria\u2010fischeri"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"BirdLife International. (2022d).Species factsheet:Somateria spectabilis.http:\/\/datazone.birdlife.org\/species\/factsheet\/king\u2010eider\u2010somateria\u2010spectabilis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/condor\/109.3.698"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Ecology and conservation of North American Sea Ducks","author":"Bowman T. D.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Limnology of tundra ponds","author":"Butler M.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","volume-title":"PRIMER v7: User manual\/tutorial","author":"Clarke K. R.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00063650903295729"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cowardin L. M. Carter V. Golet F. C. &LaRoe E. T.(1979).Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv. report. Washington D.C. 103 pp.","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.4108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-16-0201.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"Derksen D. V. Rothe T. C. &Eldridge W. D.(1981).Use of wetland habitats by birds in the National Petroleum Reserve \u2013 Alaska. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Resour. Publ. 141. 27 pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253895"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"Graff N.(2021).Breeding ecology of Steller's and spectacled eiders nesting near Utqia\u0121vik Alaska 2018\u20132019. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Fairbanks Fish Wildl. Field Office Fairbanks Alaska USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","volume-title":"Introduction to the study of meiofauna","author":"Higgins R. P.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119196037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3225553"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3564854"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Comparative ecology of king eider Somateria spectabilis and spectacled eider S. fischeri in Chaun tundra","volume":"71","author":"Kondratiev A. V.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Zoologichesky Zhurnal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"52","volume-title":"Behaviour and ecology of sea ducks","author":"Kondratyev A. V.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365\u20102745.12654"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-011-0165-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1368066"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps10104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.7179"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14430\/arctic4730"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.4138"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f81-141"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/cond.2011.100077"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286368"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ac1c29"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14430\/arctic493"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247\u2010022\u201000498\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/11\/8\/085004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1657\/AAAR0013-099"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","unstructured":"Safine D. E.(2013).Breeding ecology of Steller's and spectacled eiders nesting near Barrow Alaska 2012. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fairbanks Alaska USA. Technical report. 56 pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1108142"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-019-01308-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702777104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Time budgets and foraging ecology of the Steller's eider Polysticta stelleri","volume":"13","author":"Solovieva D. V.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Avian Ecology and Behaviour: Proceedings of the Biological Station \u201cRybachy\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/condor\/102.1.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","unstructured":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (2019).Status assessment of the Alaska\u2010breeding population of Steller's eiders. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. report. Fairbanks Alaska USA. 149 pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","unstructured":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (2021).Species status assessment for the spectacled eider. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. report. Fairbanks Alaska USA. 150 pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","unstructured":"U.S. Geologic Survey. (2021).Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) Alaska.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5066\/P9C064CO"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13404"}],"container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.10375","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.10375","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T09:33:43Z","timestamp":1705484023000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ece3.10375"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ece3.10375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ece3.10375","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7758","2045-7758"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7758","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7758","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e10375"}}