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However, information on the temporal dynamics of the immune status of individuals is critical. If antibody levels persist a long time after exposure to an infectious agent, they could enable the efficient detection of the past circulation of the agent; if they persist only a short time, they could provide snap shots of recent exposure of sampled hosts. Here, we explored the temporal dynamics of seropositivity against Lyme disease agent <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Bbsl<\/jats:italic>) in individuals of a widespread medium\u2010sized mammal species, the roe deer (<jats:italic>Capreolus capreolus<\/jats:italic>), in France. Using a modified commercially available immunoassay we tested 1554 blood samples obtained in two wild deer populations monitored from 2010 to 2020. Using multi\u2010event capture\u2010mark\u2010recapture models, we estimated yearly population\u2010, age\u2010, and sex\u2010specific rates of seroconversion and seroreversion after accounting for imperfect detection. The yearly seroconversion rates indicated a higher level of exposure in early (2010\u20132013) than in late years (2014\u20132019) to infected tick bites in both populations, without any detectable influence of sex or age. The relatively high rates of seroreversion indicated a short\u2010term persistence of antibody levels against <jats:italic>Bbsl<\/jats:italic> in roe deer. This was confirmed by the analysis of samples collected on a set of captive individuals that were resampled several times a few weeks apart. Our findings show the potential usefulness of deer as a sentinel for tracking the risk of exposure to Lyme disease <jats:italic>Bbsl<\/jats:italic>, although further investigation on the details of the antibody response to <jats:italic>Bbsl<\/jats:italic> in this incompetent host would be useful. Our study also highlights the value of combining long\u2010term capture\u2010mark\u2010recapture sampling and short\u2010time analyses of serological data for wildlife populations exposed to infectious agents of relevance to wildlife epidemiology and human health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.10414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T22:42:04Z","timestamp":1692571324000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Temporal dynamics of antibody level against Lyme disease bacteria in roe deer: Tale of a sentinel?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6385-6362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentin","family":"Ollivier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFE Center of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, UMR 5175 CNRS, University of Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Universit\u00e9 Paul Val\u00e9ry  Montpellier France"},{"name":"ELIZ Entente for the Control of Zoonoses  Malz\u00e9ville France"},{"name":"University of Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS  Castanet Tolosan France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0434-9085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00e9mi","family":"Choquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFE Center of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, UMR 5175 CNRS, University of Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Universit\u00e9 Paul Val\u00e9ry  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5430-9124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amandine","family":"Gamble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"Department of Public and Ecosystem Health Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Bastien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ELIZ Entente for the Control of Zoonoses  Malz\u00e9ville France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Combes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ELIZ Entente for the Control of Zoonoses  Malz\u00e9ville France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Gilot\u2010Fromont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LBBE Biometry and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory UMR5558 CNRS \u2013 University of Lyon  Villeurbanne France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryline","family":"Pellerin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ungulate Unit, Direction of Research and Scientific Support OFB, French Biodiversity Office  Gap 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