{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T07:03:56Z","timestamp":1784358236014,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008249","name":"National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TMMA103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TMMA103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008249","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sea lions as a group, display strong site fidelity, and varying degrees of vulnerability to environmental change, disease and fisheries interactions. One of the rarest pinnipeds, the New Zealand sea lion (NZSL, <jats:italic>Phocarctos hookeri<\/jats:italic>) has a very restricted breeding range. At Campbell Island\/Motu Ihupuku, one of the two primary breeding sites, at\u2010sea foraging behaviour is unknown. We hypothesised that NZSL of various sex and age classes would utilise the water column differently due to differing physiological constraints and therefore have different accessibility to prey resources. We tested whether sea lion diving behaviour varied in relation to (i) age and sex class, (ii) time of day and (iii) water depth. We also hypothesised that the proportion of benthic\/pelagic diving, and consequently risk of fisheries interaction, would vary in relation to age and sex. Satellite telemetry tags were deployed on 25 NZSL from a range of age\/sex classes recording dive depth, duration and location. Adult females and juveniles used inshore, benthic habitats, while sub\u2010adult males also utilised benthic habitats, they predominantly used pelagic habitat at greater distances from the island. Adult females and juveniles exhibited shorter dives than the same age\/sex classes at the Auckland Islands, suggesting a lower dive effort for these age\/sex classes at Campbell Island\/Motu Ihupuku. Adult females dived more frequently than other age\/sex classes, likely operating closer to their physiological limits; however, further data for this age class is needed. Sub\u2010adult male use of pelagic prey may increase their exposure to mid\u2010water trawls; however, further research detailing the degree of spatial overlap with fisheries is required. This study highlights the utility of spatially explicit dive data to predict vertical habitat use, niche separation of various age and sex classes of marine predators and attribute potential fisheries interaction risk in relation to predator habitat use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.10601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T06:45:35Z","timestamp":1698993935000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The benthic\u2010pelagic continuum: Age class and sex differences in the use of the vertical dimension by a rare pinniped"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8318-9299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary\u2010Anne","family":"Lea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania  Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lachlan W.","family":"Tainsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania  Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Mattlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Wildlife Research, Ltd  Nelson New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leigh","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Marine Mammal Institute, Hatfield Marine Science Center Oregon State University  Newport Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Vinette\u00a0Herrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taronga Conservation Society  Mosman New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIWA  Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7823-7185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark A.","family":"Hindell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania  Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Abraham E. &Berkenbusch K.(2017).Estimated captures of New Zealand fur seal New Zealand Sea lion common dolphin and turtles in New Zealand commercial fisheries 1995\u201396 to 2014\u201315. 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