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Plasticity driven variation has been suggested to play a key role in adaptive divergence, and plasticity itself can evolve. However, the interaction of plasticity with the multiple levels involved with adaptive divergence is less understood. For example, sexual dimorphism can contribute adaptive variation through ecological sexual dimorphism (ESD), but the contribution of plasticity to this phenomenon is unknown. Therefore, to determine the potential contribution of plasticity to ESD, we used the adaptive radiation of Malawi cichlids. Two mouthbrooding species (<jats:italic>Labeotropheus fuelleborni<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Tropheops<\/jats:italic> \u201cRed Cheek\u201d) with differences in foraging tactics underwent foraging experiments using benthic and limnetic treatments while accounting for sex. Plasticity in craniofacial shape and three functionally important traits were measured. Plasticity was shown, but without any sex\u2010based differences in shape. However, for mechanical advantage traits of the mandible sex by diet interactions were found. This suggests that ESD, may be influenced by phenotypic plasticity that diverges between sexes. Given the involvement of the mandible in parental care in cichlids this may indicate that sexual divergence in plasticity may trade\u2010off against maternal care tactics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.10702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T09:31:59Z","timestamp":1701163919000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Functional trait plasticity diverges between sexes in African cichlids: A contribution toward ecological sexual dimorphism?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kirsty","family":"McWhinnie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health, and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepti","family":"Negi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health, and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. 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