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In pinnipeds, females are the only food providers to the young and have developed numerous behavioral and physiological lactation strategies, from capital\u2010breeding to income\u2010breeding. Lactating females' fine\u2010scale foraging strategy, and precise understanding of how females supplement their pup's needs as well as their own are important to understand the species' ecology and energetic balance. Polar pinnipeds, inhabiting extreme environments, are sensitive to climate change and variability, understanding their constraints and foraging strategy during lactation is therefore important. In 2019, three sonar tags were deployed on lactating Weddell seals in Terre Ad\u00e9lie (East Antarctica) for 7\u2009days, to study fine\u2010scale predator\u2013prey interactions. Feeding activity was mostly benthic, reduced, central\u2010placed, and spatially limited. Females spent most of their time hauled\u2010out. A total of 331 prey capture attempts (PrCAs) were recorded using triaxial acceleration data, with 125 prey identified on echograms (5\u2009cm, acoustic size). All PrCAs occurred on the seafloor, shallower than usual records (mean depth of 88\u2009m, vs 280\u2009m after their molt). We also found that they only fed in three of the five identified dive shapes, during the ascent or throughout the dive. Half of the prey were reactive to the seal's approach, either leaving the seafloor, or escaping just above the seafloor, suggesting that the seals hunt by chasing them from the seabed. Seals continuously scanned the area during the approach phase, evoking opportunistic foraging. Our results provide additional evidence that Weddell seal forage during lactation, displaying a mix of capital\u2010breeding and income\u2010breeding strategies during this period of physiological stress. This work sheds light on previously unexplored aspects of their foraging behavior, such as shallow water environments, targeting benthic prey, generally focusing on single prey rather than schools, and evidence of visual scanning through observed head movements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.10796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T15:41:32Z","timestamp":1702395692000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Beneath the Antarctic sea\u2010ice: Fine\u2010scale analysis of Weddell seal (\n                    <i>Leptonychotes weddellii<\/i>\n                    ) behavior and predator\u2013prey interactions, using micro\u2010sonar data in Terre Ad\u00e9lie"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8570-1730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ad\u00e9lie","family":"Antoine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Oc\u00e9anographie et du Climat: Exp\u00e9rimentations et approches num\u00e9riques (LOCEAN), UMR 7159 Sorbonne\u2010Universit\u00e9, CNRS, MNHN, IRD, IPSL  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8099-3254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Labrousse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Oc\u00e9anographie et du Climat: Exp\u00e9rimentations et approches num\u00e9riques (LOCEAN), UMR 7159 Sorbonne\u2010Universit\u00e9, CNRS, MNHN, IRD, IPSL  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6801-1695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pauline","family":"Goulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chiz\u00e9, CNRS\u2010La Rochelle Universit\u00e9, UMR 7372  Villiers\u2010en\u2010Bois France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3035-4187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathilde","family":"Chevallay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chiz\u00e9, CNRS\u2010La Rochelle Universit\u00e9, UMR 7372  Villiers\u2010en\u2010Bois France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joris","family":"Laborie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Bretagne Vivante  Brest France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9565-9446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baptiste","family":"Picard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chiz\u00e9, CNRS\u2010La Rochelle Universit\u00e9, UMR 7372  Villiers\u2010en\u2010Bois France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2481-6947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Guinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chiz\u00e9, CNRS\u2010La Rochelle Universit\u00e9, UMR 7372  Villiers\u2010en\u2010Bois France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7995-1364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Nerini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, Pytheas Institute, UMR 7294  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Beno\u00eet","family":"Charrassin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Oc\u00e9anographie et du Climat: Exp\u00e9rimentations et approches num\u00e9riques (LOCEAN), UMR 7159 Sorbonne\u2010Universit\u00e9, CNRS, MNHN, IRD, IPSL  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Heerah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"France Energie Marine  Plouzan\u00e9 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954102020000437"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40462\u2010022\u201000361\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"Animal Tag Tools Wiki. 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