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Here, we examine the contributions of maternal provisioning and incubation temperature to hatchling morphological and metabolic traits across four populations of the American alligator (<jats:italic>Alligator mississippiensis<\/jats:italic>), encompassing a large portion of the species' latitudinal range. Our results show that whereas the influence of egg mass is generally consistent across populations, responses to incubation temperature show population\u2010level variation in several traits, including mass, head length, head width, and residual yolk mass. Additionally, the influence of incubation temperature on developmental rate is greater at northern populations, while the allocation of maternal resources toward fat body mass is greater at southern populations. Overall, our results suggest that responses to incubation temperature, relative to maternal provisioning, are a larger source of interpopulation phenotypic variation and may contribute to the local adaptation of populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.10915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T06:08:25Z","timestamp":1708063705000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The influence of incubation temperature on offspring traits varies across northern and southern populations of the American alligator (<i>Alligator mississippiensis<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1372-5276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Smaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eugene P. 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