{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:44:01Z","timestamp":1792079041082,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,10]],"date-time":"2024-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006697","name":"Maa- ja Mets\u00e4talousministeri\u00d6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1440\/03.02.04.00\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1440\/03.02.04.00\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006697","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wetland habitats are changing under multiple anthropogenic pressures. Nutrient leakage and pollution modify physico\u2010chemical state of wetlands and affect the ecosystem through bottom\u2010up processes, while alien predators affect the ecosystems in a top\u2010down manner. Boreal wetlands are important breeding areas for several waterbird species, the abundances of which potentially reflect both bottom\u2010up and top\u2010down ecosystem processes. Here, we use long\u2010term national monitoring data gathered from c. 130 waterbird breeding sites in Finland from the 1980s to the 2020s. We hypothesised that the physico\u2010chemical state of the waters and increasing alien predator abundance both play a role in steering the waterbird population trends. We set out to test this hypothesis by relating population changes of 17 waterbird species to changes in water chemistry and to regional alien predator indices while allowing species\u2010specific effects to vary with foraging niche (dabblers, invertivore divers, piscivorous divers, herbivores), nesting site, female mass and habitat (oligotrophic, eutrophic). We found niche and nesting site\u2010specific, habitat\u2010dependent changes in waterbird numbers. While the associations with higher phosphorus levels and browning water were in overall positive at the oligotrophic lakes, the numbers of invertivore and piscivore diving ducks were most strongly negatively associated with higher phosphorus levels and browning water at the eutrophic lakes. Furthermore, increased pH levels benefitted piscivores. Invertivore diving duck species nesting on the wetlands had declined most on sites with high alien predator indices. Large herbivorous species and species preferring oligotrophic lakes seem to be successful. We conclude that the large\u2010scale breeding waterbird decline in Finland is closely connected to both bottom\u2010up and top\u2010down processes, where negative associations are emphasised especially at eutrophic lakes. Niche\u2010, nest site\u2010 and habitat\u2010specific management actions are required to conserve declining waterbird populations. Managing wetlands on catchments level together with alien predator control may provide important approaches to future wetland management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.11136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T02:49:43Z","timestamp":1710125383000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Anthropogenic bottom\u2010up and top\u2010down impacts on boreal breeding waterbirds"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3271-4468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sari","family":"Holopainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Luonnontieteellinen Keskusmuseo, Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Jaatinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nature and Game Management Trust Finland  Degerby Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toni","family":"Laaksonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Lind\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petri","family":"Nummi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Sciences University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Piha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannu","family":"P\u00f6ys\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources Institute 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