{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:45:13Z","timestamp":1787503513363,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,24]],"date-time":"2014-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13-04-96045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13-04-96045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Tick\u2010borne encephalitis is the most important human arthropod\u2010borne virus disease in Europe and Russia, with an annual incidence of about 13 thousand people. Tick\u2010borne encephalitis virus (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBEV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) is distributed in the natural foci of forest and taiga zones of Eurasia, from the Pacific to the Atlantic coast. Currently, there are three mutually exclusive hypotheses about the origin and distribution of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBEV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    subtypes, although they are based on the same assumption of gradual evolution. Recently, we have described the structure of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBEV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    populations in terms of a clusteron approach, a clusteron being a structural unit of viral population [Kovalev and Mukhacheva (2013)\n                    <jats:italic>Infect. Genet. Evol<\/jats:italic>\n                    ., 14, 22\u201328]. This approach allowed us to investigate questions of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBEV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    evolution in a new way and to propose a hypothesis of quantum evolution due to a vector switch. We also consider a possible mechanism for this switch occurring in interspecific hybrids of ticks. It is necessarily accompanied by a rapid accumulation of mutations in the virus genome, which is contrary to the generally accepted view of gradual evolution in assessing the ages of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBEV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    populations. The proposed hypothesis could explain and predict not only the formation of new subtypes, but also the emergence of new vector\u2010borne viruses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.1301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,24]],"date-time":"2014-10-24T01:05:25Z","timestamp":1414112725000},"page":"4307-4316","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Tick\u2010borne encephalitis virus subtypes emerged through rapid vector switches rather than gradual evolution"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Sergey Y.","family":"Kovalev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics Department of Biology Ural Federal University Lenin Avenue 51 Yekaterinburg 620000 Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatyana A.","family":"Mukhacheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics Department of Biology Ural Federal University Lenin Avenue 51 Yekaterinburg 620000 Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1115030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Tick\u2010mick\u2010borne pathogen system and its emergent qualities","author":"Alekseev A. 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