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Understanding why animals choose to reproduce at particular times and in particular places is also important for our understanding of other aspects of organismal ecology, such as their habitat requirements, movement strategies, and biogeography. Although breeding patterns in waterfowl are relatively well documented, most studies are from northern temperate regions and the influences of location and time of year on breeding in Afrotropical ducks (Anatidae) are poorly understood. We outline six alternative (but not mutually exclusive) hypotheses that might explain where and when Afrotropical ducks choose to breed. To explore these hypotheses, we assembled and analyzed a new database of <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>.\u00a022,000 breeding records for 16 Afrotropical ducks and one introduced Palearctic species (the Mallard <jats:italic>Anas platyrhynchos<\/jats:italic>). The full database is available on line as an appendix to this article. We identified five distinct breeding strategies as well as two outliers. Peak breeding for 9 of 16 indigenous duck species occurs during the dry season. We found no evidence for spatial synchrony or spatial autocorrelation in breeding, suggesting a high level of flexibility in waterfowl responses to prevailing conditions in any given year. More intensive analyses of alternative hypotheses are needed, but our initial analysis suggests that the timing of breeding for the majority of Afrotropical ducks is driven by a combination of resource availability and predation risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.1853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,18]],"date-time":"2016-01-18T12:10:25Z","timestamp":1453119025000},"page":"631-646","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Timing and location of reproduction in African waterfowl: an overview of &gt;100\u00a0years of nest records"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Graeme S.","family":"Cumming","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Percy FitzPatrick Institute DST\/NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Rondebosch Cape Town 7701 South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas M.","family":"Harebottle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Demography Unit Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josphine","family":"Mundava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Science and Technology P.O Box\u00a0AC939 Ascot Bulawayo Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nickson","family":"Otieno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ornithology Department National Museums of Kenya 40658 Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie J.","family":"Tyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yew Tree Cottage Lone Lane Penallt Monmouthshire Wales NP25 4AJ U.K"},{"name":"BirdLife Botswana Gaborone Botswana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1369099"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3247743"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/014311600210380"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.095018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/655425"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1994.1057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-919X.2007.00793.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3377\/004.046.0223"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2012.02711.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2427.2012.02789.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004420050240"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.1417"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","series-title":"4th Pan\u2010African Ornithological Congress","first-page":"267","author":"Geldenhuys J. 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