{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T02:38:36Z","timestamp":1789094316246,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]],"date-time":"2016-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous works on albinism form of Asinara white donkeys (<jats:italic>Equus asinus<\/jats:italic>) identified the mutation leading to the peculiar phenotype spread to all specimens of the breed. Inbreeding naturally occurred under geographic isolation, on Asinara Island, in the Mediterranean Sea. Albino individuals can be more susceptible to develop health problems when exposed to natural sun radiation. Alternative metabolic pathways involved in photoprotection were explored in this trial. Nutrition\u2010related metabolites are believed to contribute to the conservation of Asinara donkeys, in which melanin, guaranteeing photoprotection, is lacking. Biochemical profiles with particular focus on blood serum \u03b2\u2010carotene and retinol levels were monitored. Identical natural grazing conditions for both Asinara (albino) and Sardo (pigmented) donkey breeds were assured on same natural pastures throughout the experimental period. A comparative metabolic screening, with emphasis on circulating retinol and nutrient\u2010related metabolites between the two breeds, was carried out over one year. Potential intra\u2010 and interspecimen fluctuations of metabolites involved in photoprotection were monitored, both during negative and positive photoperiods. Differences (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.064) between blood serum concentrations of retinol from Asinara versus Sardo breed donkeys (0.630 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 0.490\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml, respectively) were found. Retinol levels of blood serum turned out to be similar in the two groups (0.523 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 0.493\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml, respectively, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.051) during the negative photoperiod, but markedly differed during the positive one (0.738 vs. 0.486, respectively, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.016). Blood serum \u03b2\u2010carotene levels displayed to be constantly around the limit of sensitivity in all animals of both breeds. Variations in blood serum concentrations of retinol in Asinara white donkeys can reflect the need to cope with seasonal exposure to daylight at Mediterranean latitudes, as an alternative to the lack of melanin. These results may suggest that a pulsed mobilization of retinol from body stores occurs to increase circulating levels during positive photoperiod.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.2613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]],"date-time":"2016-12-20T21:49:19Z","timestamp":1482270559000},"page":"390-398","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Blood serum retinol levels in Asinara white donkeys reflect albinism\u2010induced metabolic adaptation to photoperiod at Mediterranean latitudes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Cappai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Sassari  Sassari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia Antonietta","family":"Lunesu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Sassari  Sassari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Accioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Sassari  Sassari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Liscia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colonia Penale Is Arenas  Arbus Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Pusceddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colonia Penale Is Arenas  Arbus Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Burrai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Sassari  Sassari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Nieddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Sassari  Sassari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corrado","family":"Dimauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Sassari  Sassari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianpiero","family":"Boatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Sassari  Sassari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Pinna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Sassari  Sassari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-173906"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"319","article-title":"Rapid determination of vitamin A (retinol) and vitamin E (alpha\u2010tocopherol) in human serum by isocratic adsorption HPLC","volume":"56","author":"Biesalski H.","year":"1986","journal-title":"International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ijas.2015.3976"},{"issue":"29","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"182","article-title":"An integrated approach towards the nutritional assessment of the Sardinian donkey: A tool for the clinical nutritionist","volume":"12","author":"Cappai M. 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