{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:15:28Z","timestamp":1790727328460,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"BPI France","award":["I1301001W \u201cNEORAMUS\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I1301001W \u201cNEORAMUS\u201d"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anticoagulant rodenticides are commonly used to control rodent pests worldwide. They specifically inhibit the vitamin K epoxide reductase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VKORC<\/jats:styled-content>1), which is an enzyme encoded by the<jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic>gene, involved in the recycling of vitamin K. Therefore, they prevent blood clotting. Numerous mutations of<jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic>gene were reported in rodents, and some are involved in the resistant to rodenticides phenotype. Two hundred and sixty\u2010six mice tails were received from 65 different locations in France. Coding sequences of<jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic>gene were sequenced in order to detect mutations. Consequences of the observed mutations were evaluated by the use of recombinant<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VKORC<\/jats:styled-content>1. More than 70% of mice presented<jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic>mutations. Among these mice, 80% were homozygous. Contrary to brown rats for which only one predominant<jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic>genotype was found in France, nine missense single mutations and four double mutations were observed in house mice. The single mutations lead to resistance to first\u2010generation antivitamin K (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AVK<\/jats:styled-content>s) only and are certainly associated with the use of these first\u2010generation molecules by nonprofessionals for the control of mice populations. The double mutations, probably obtained by genetic recombination, lead to in vitro resistance to all<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AVK<\/jats:styled-content>s. They must be regarded as an adaptive evolution to the current use of second\u2010generation<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AVK<\/jats:styled-content>s. The intensive use of first\u2010generation anticoagulants probably allowed the selection of a high diversity of mutations, which makes possible the genetic recombination and consequently provokes the emergence of the more resistant mutated<jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic>described to date.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.2829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,22]],"date-time":"2017-03-22T15:39:03Z","timestamp":1490197143000},"page":"2767-2776","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Adaptative evolution of the<i>Vkorc1<\/i>gene in<i>Mus musculus domesticus<\/i>is influenced by the selective pressure of anticoagulant rodenticides"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Joffrey","family":"Goulois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USC 1233 RS2GP VetAgro Sup, INRA, Univ Lyon F\u201069280 MARCY L\u2019ETOILE France"},{"name":"Liphatech, Bonnel Pont du Casse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC 1233 RS2GP VetAgro Sup, INRA, Univ Lyon F\u201069280 MARCY L\u2019ETOILE France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Legros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liphatech, Bonnel Pont du Casse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Benoit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC 1233 RS2GP VetAgro Sup, INRA, Univ Lyon F\u201069280 MARCY L\u2019ETOILE France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3371-0952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginie","family":"Lattard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC 1233 RS2GP VetAgro Sup, INRA, Univ Lyon F\u201069280 MARCY L\u2019ETOILE France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-008-9401-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.26496\/bjz.2012.135","article-title":"Distribution of anticoagulant resistance in the brown rat in Belgium","volume":"142","author":"Baert K.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Belgian Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berny P. 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