{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T15:12:11Z","timestamp":1768489931868,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498089600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000202","name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000203","name":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000203","name":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Earthquake\u2010generated tsunamis threaten coastal areas and low\u2010lying islands with sudden flooding. Although human hazards and infrastructure damage have been well documented for tsunamis in recent decades, the effects on wildlife communities rarely have been quantified. We describe a tsunami that hit the world's largest remaining tropical seabird rookery and estimate the effects of sudden flooding on 23 bird species nesting on Pacific islands more than 3,800\u00a0km from the epicenter. We used global positioning systems, tide gauge data, and satellite imagery to quantify characteristics of the T\u014dhoku earthquake\u2010generated tsunami (11 March 2011) and its inundation extent across four Hawaiian Islands. We estimated short\u2010term effects of sudden flooding to bird communities using spatially explicit data from Midway Atoll and Laysan Island, Hawai'i. We describe variation in species vulnerability based on breeding phenology, nesting habitat, and life history traits. The tsunami inundated 21%\u2013100% of each island's area at Midway Atoll and Laysan Island. Procellariformes (albatrosses and petrels) chick and egg losses exceeded 258,500 at Midway Atoll while albatross chick losses at Laysan Island exceeded 21,400. The tsunami struck at night and during the peak of nesting for 14 colonial seabird species. Strongly philopatric Procellariformes were vulnerable to the tsunami. Nonmigratory, endemic, endangered Laysan Teal (<jats:italic>Anas laysanensis<\/jats:italic>) were sensitive to ecosystem effects such as habitat changes and carcass\u2010initiated epizootics of avian botulism, and its populations declined approximately 40% on both atolls post\u2010tsunami. Catastrophic flooding of Pacific islands occurs periodically not only from tsunamis, but also from storm surge and rainfall; with sea\u2010level rise, the frequency of sudden flooding events will likely increase. As invasive predators occupy habitat on higher elevation Hawaiian Islands and globally important avian populations are concentrated on low\u2010lying islands, additional conservation strategies may be warranted to increase resilience of island biodiversity encountering tsunamis and rising sea levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.3092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T15:22:44Z","timestamp":1498144964000},"page":"5873-5890","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Lessons from the T\u014dhoku tsunami: A model for island avifauna conservation prioritization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7253-8158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle H.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center  Hawai'i National Park HI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4056-3735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Berkowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawai'i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai'i at Hilo  Hawai'i National Park HI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John L.","family":"Klavitter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge System  Falls Church VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8849-4054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen N.","family":"Courtot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center  Hawai'i National Park HI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arata J. A. Sievert P. R. &Naughton M. B.(2009).Status assessment of laysan and black\u2010footed albatrosses North Pacific Ocean 1923\u20132005. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009\u20105131.","DOI":"10.3133\/sir20095131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Potential effects of sea level rise on the terrestrial habitats of endangered and endemic megafauna in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands","volume":"4","author":"Baker J. D.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endangered Species Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.12093"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Berkowitz P. Storlazzi C. D. Courtot K. N. Krause C. M. &Reynolds M. H.(2012).Sea\u2010level rise and wave\u2010driven inundation models for Laysan Island Chap. 2 of Reynolds M.H. Berkowitz P. Courtot K.N. and Krause C.M. eds. Predicting sea\u2010level rise vulnerability of terrestrial habitat and wildlife of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Open\u2010File Report 2012\u20101182."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"247","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Tsunami Symposium 2001 (ITS 2001) (on CD\u2010ROM)","author":"Bernard E. N.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1101617"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Distance sampling: Estimation of biological populations","author":"Buckland S. T.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9615(2001)071[0615:FEFADB]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fee.1281"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2112\/08-1007.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","volume-title":"Unpublished QuickBird and WorldView\u20102 satellite imagery","author":"DigitalGlobe Inc.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19475705.2011.632443"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"Environmental Systems Research Institute(2010).ARCGIS 10.0 SP3."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"Eversole D. &Andrews A.(2014).Climate Change Impacts in Hawai'i: A Summary of Climate Change and its Impacts to Hawa\u00ed\u00eds Ecosystems and Communities. University of Hawai'i at M\u0101noa Sea Grant College Program Honolulu HI. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/seagrant.soest.hawaii.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/smfinal-hawaiiclimatechange.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Proceedings of the second symposium on resource investigations in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands","author":"Fefer S. I.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2009.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2016.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029507"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"Gica E.(2015).A tsunami forecast model for Midway Atoll. InNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Special Report. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Tsunami Forecast Series Vol. 7."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10144-014-0457-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2012.01853.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-012-0288-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2012.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5047\/eps.2011.06.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1418034112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Post\u2010tsunami recovery of shallow water biota and habitats on Thailand's Andaman Coast","volume":"18","author":"Kendall M. A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Polish Journal of Environmental Studies"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1520987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","unstructured":"Kristof A. A. Stelmach M. W. Soucie B. C. Larish M. Fox A. Waddington C. &Waddington J.(2010).Trip Report: Laysan Island 11 August 2009\u201322 March 2010. In. Administrative Report U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Honolulu Hawaii."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","unstructured":"Kristof A. A. Watson J. C. Cook E. L. &Tyhurst P. C.(2011).Trip Report: Laysan Island 8 August 2010\u201330 March 2011. In. Administrative Report U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Honolulu Hawaii."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160601091852"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","volume-title":"United States tsunamis 1690\u20131988","author":"Lander J.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5047\/eps.2011.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11027-011-9297-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","unstructured":"Moore J.(2009).A comparative analysis of population estimation methods for a burrow\u2010nesting seabird: A novel ground\u2010count method and closed population capture\u2010recapture modeling. M.S. thesis Saint Mary's University Halifax Nova Scotia."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Survey of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake tsunami inundation and run\u2010up","volume":"38","author":"Mori N.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geophysical Research Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","unstructured":"Murdoff R. S. Freeman S. L. &Metheny N.(2007).Trip Report: Laysan Island 10 Oct 2006 to 27 March 2007. In. Administrative Report U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Honolulu Hawaii."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","volume-title":"The sulidae","author":"Nelson J. B.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","unstructured":"NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) (2011).Tides and currents. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","unstructured":"NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Center for Operation Oceanographic Products and Services (CO\u2010OPS) (2014).Tsunami capable tide stations. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov\/tsunami\/#"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","unstructured":"NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) National Centers for Environmental Information (2015).Great Tohoku Japan Earthquake and Tsunami 11 March 2011. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.ngdc.noaa.gov\/hazard\/11mar2011.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","unstructured":"NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) National Centers for Environmental Information (2017).NGDC\/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.ngdc.noaa.gov\/hazard\/tsu_db.shtml"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","unstructured":"O'Brian B.(2015).What the Tsunami Was Like at Midway Atoll Refuge. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.fws.gov\/refuges\/refugeupdate\/mayjune_2011\/tsunamimidwayatoll.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5479\/si.00810282.365"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","first-page":"78","volume-title":"Catalog of tsunamis in Hawaii, SE\u20104","author":"Pararas\u2010Carayannis G.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","unstructured":"PhotoSat Information Ltd. (2010).Digital Terrain Models. Vancouver British Columbia."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","unstructured":"PhotoSat Information Ltd. (2011).Digital Terrain Models. Vancouver British Columbia."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-011-0214-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","unstructured":"Presidential Proclamation 9478(2016).Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea Marine National Monument expansion (81 FR 60225)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Ecological impact of tsunami on Nicobar Islands (Camorta, Katchal, Nancowry and Trinkat)","volume":"89","author":"Ramachandran S.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Current Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","volume-title":"Isles of Refuge: Wildlife and history of the northwestern Hawaiian Islands","author":"Rauzon M. J.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reynolds M. H. Berkowitz P. Courtot K. N. &Krause C. M.(2012).Predicting sea\u2010level rise vulnerability of terrestrial habitat and wildlife of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Open\u2010File Report 2012\u20101182.","DOI":"10.3133\/ofr20121182"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","unstructured":"Reynolds M. H. Brinck K. W. &Laniawe L.(2011).Population estimates and monitoring guidelines for endangered Laysan teal Anas laysanensis at Midway Atoll: pilot study results 2008\u20102010. InHawai'i Cooperative Studies Unit Technical Report HCSU\u2010021 University of Hawai'i at Hilo Hilo Hawaii."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136773"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3996\/032014-JFWM-017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","unstructured":"Rice D. W.(1959).Birds and Aircraft on Midway Islands 1957\u201058 Investigations. In Special Scientific Report: Wildlife No. 44. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Washington DC."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","volume-title":"Three months on a coral island (Laysan)","author":"Schauinsland H. H.","year":"1899"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0030605309990810"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","volume-title":"Extinction and biogeography of tropical pacific birds","author":"Steadman D. W.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00767412"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2006.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1676\/11-176.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","unstructured":"USFWS[US Fish and Wildlife Service]. (2017).Leaving on a jet plane: Black\u2010footed albatross chicks translocated from Midway Atoll to James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/usfwspacific\/albums\/72157678759333471 115\u2013135."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-006-0128-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","volume-title":"The behavior, population biology and physiology of the petrels","author":"Warham J.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420036305.ch5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The beginning of black\u2010footed albatross colonization on O'ahu, Hawai'i","volume":"76","author":"Young L. C.","year":"2016","journal-title":"\u2018Elepaio"}],"container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fece3.3092","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.3092","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ece3.3092","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/chorus\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fece3.3092","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.3092","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.3092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T13:38:50Z","timestamp":1694957930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ece3.3092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ece3.3092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ece3.3092","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7758","2045-7758"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7758","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7758","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]]}}}