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A particularly common morphological change exhibited by a wide range of species on islands worldwide involves either a reduction in body size, termed island dwarfism, or an increase in body size, termed island gigantism. While numerous instances of dwarfism and gigantism have been well documented, documentation of other morphological changes on islands remains limited. Furthermore, we lack a basic understanding of the physiological mechanisms that underlie these changes, and whether they are convergent. A major hypothesis for the repeated evolution of dwarfism posits selection for smaller, more efficient body sizes in the context of low resource availability. Under this hypothesis, we would expect the physiological mechanisms known to be downregulated in model organisms exhibiting small body sizes due to dietary restriction or artificial selection would also be downregulated in wild species exhibiting dwarfism on islands. We measured body size, relative head size, and circulating blood glucose in three species of reptiles\u2014two snakes and one lizard\u2014in the California Channel Islands relative to mainland populations. Collating data from 6\u00a0years of study, we found that relative to mainland population the island populations had smaller body size (i.e., island dwarfism), smaller head sizes relative to body size, and lower levels of blood glucose, although with some variation by sex and year. These findings suggest that the island populations of these three species have independently evolved convergent physiological changes (lower glucose set point) corresponding to convergent changes in morphology that are consistent with a scenario of reduced resource availability and\/or changes in prey size on the islands. This provides a powerful system to further investigate ecological, physiological, and genetic variables to elucidate the mechanisms underlying convergent changes in life history on islands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.4171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]],"date-time":"2018-05-21T03:14:54Z","timestamp":1526872494000},"page":"6169-6182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Convergence in reduced body size, head size, and blood glucose in three island reptiles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3504-6426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Sparkman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Westmont College Santa Barbara California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda D.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilly J.","family":"Brummett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Westmont College Santa Barbara California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth R.","family":"Chism","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Westmont College Santa Barbara California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia L.","family":"Combrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Westmont College Santa Barbara California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Kabey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Westmont College Santa Barbara California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonia S.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/418744"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Non\u2010cultural deposition in an archaeological site: Microfaunal remains from Cave of the Chimneys (CA\u2010SMI\u2010603), San Miguel Island","author":"Allen J. 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