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Using a broad literature review of common garden studies published between 1941 and 2017, we documented the commonness of these three signatures in plants native to North America's Great Basin, an area of extensive restoration and revegetation efforts, and asked which traits and environmental variables were involved. We also asked, independent of geographic distance, whether populations from more similar environments had more similar traits. From 327 experiments testing 121 taxa in 170 studies, we found 95.1% of 305 experiments reported among\u2010population differences, and 81.4% of 161 experiments reported trait\u2010by\u2010environment associations. Locals showed greater survival in 67% of 24 reciprocal experiments that reported survival, and higher fitness in 90% of 10 reciprocal experiments that reported reproductive output. A meta\u2010analysis on a subset of studies found that variation in eight commonly measured traits was associated with mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature at the source location, with notably strong relationships for flowering phenology, leaf size, and survival, among others. Although the Great Basin is sometimes perceived as a region of homogeneous ecosystems, our results demonstrate widespread habitat\u2010related population differentiation and local adaptation. Locally sourced plants likely harbor adaptations at rates and magnitudes that are immediately relevant to restoration success, and our results suggest that certain key traits and environmental variables should be prioritized in future assessments of plants in this region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.5200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]],"date-time":"2019-04-26T05:22:15Z","timestamp":1556256135000},"page":"6259-6275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Strong patterns of intraspecific variation and local adaptation in Great Basin plants revealed through a review of 75\u00a0years of experiments"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1881-0111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Owen W.","family":"Baughman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Nevada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison C.","family":"Agneray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Nevada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Forister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Nevada Reno Nevada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis F.","family":"Kilkenny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest Service Boise Idaho"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin K.","family":"Espeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pest Management Research Unit USDA\u2010Agricultural Research Service Northern Plains Agricultural Laboratory Sidney Montana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Fiegener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Applied Ecology Corvallis Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Horning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deschutes National Forest USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region Bend Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard C.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University Pullman Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas N.","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Applied Ecology Corvallis Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Ott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest Service Boise Idaho"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4647-1070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Bradley","family":"St. Clair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Northwest Research Station USDA Forest Service Corvallis Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0308-9496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Leger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Nevada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2000)050[0979:teopet]2.0.co;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12293"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.1051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1970.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aobpla\/plu003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"Barkworth M. 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