{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:06:51Z","timestamp":1791288411910,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567641600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-EM0004391"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-EM0004391"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple paternity is relatively common across diverse taxa; however, the drivers and implications related to paternal and maternal fitness are not well understood. Several hypotheses have been offered to explain the occurrence and frequency of multiple paternity. One set of hypotheses seeks to explain multiple paternity through direct and indirect benefits including increased genetic diversity or enhanced offspring fitness, whereas another set of hypotheses explains multiple paternity as a by\u2010product of sexual conflict and population\u2010specific parameters such as density. Here, we investigate mating system dynamics in a historically studied population of the American alligator (<jats:italic>Alligator mississippiensis<\/jats:italic>) in coastal South Carolina. We examine parentage in 151 nests across 6\u00a0years and find that 43% of nests were sired by multiple males and that male reproductive success is strongly influenced by male size. Whereas clutch size and hatchling size did not differ between singly sired and multiply sired nests, fertility rates were observed to be lower in multiply sired clutches. Our findings suggest that multiple paternity may exert cost in regard to female fitness, and raise the possibility that sexual conflict might influence the frequency of multiple paternity in wild alligator populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.5438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T13:14:02Z","timestamp":1567689242000},"page":"10109-10121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Mating dynamics and multiple paternity in a long\u2010lived vertebrate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2321-228X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Zajdel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA USA"},{"name":"Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Aiken SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey L.","family":"Lance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Aiken SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Rainwater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center &amp; Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science Clemson University Georgetown SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip M.","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center Georgetown SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Hale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA USA"},{"name":"Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Aiken SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin B.","family":"Parrott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA USA"},{"name":"Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Aiken SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.496"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691207278"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/429350"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"74","article-title":"The lme4 package","volume":"2","author":"Bates D.","year":"2007","journal-title":"R package version"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"Package \u201cMuMin\u201d. 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