{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T22:26:48Z","timestamp":1774650408526,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001862","name":"Svenska Forskningsr\u00e5det Formas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Capture and long\u2010distance translocation of cleaner fish to control lice infestations on marine salmonid farms has the potential to influence wild populations via overexploitation in source regions, and introgression in recipient regions. Knowledge of population genetic structure is therefore required. We studied the genetic structure of ballan wrasse, a phenotypically diverse and extensively used cleaner fish, from 18 locations in Norway and Sweden, and from Galicia, Spain, using 82 SNP markers. We detected two very distinct genetic groups in Scandinavia, northwestern and southeastern. These groups were split by a stretch of sandy beaches in southwest Norway, representing a habitat discontinuity for this rocky shore associated benthic egg\u2010laying species. Wrasse from Galicia were highly differentiated from all Scandinavian locations, but more similar to northwestern than southeastern locations. Distinct genetic differences were observed between sympatric spotty and plain phenotypes in Galicia, but not in Scandinavia. The mechanisms underlying the geographic patterns between phenotypes are discussed, but not identified. We conclude that extensive aquaculture\u2010mediated translocation of ballan wrasse from Sweden and southern Norway to western and middle Norway has the potential to mix genetically distinct populations. These results question the sustainability of the current cleaner fish practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.6404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T14:52:28Z","timestamp":1591368748000},"page":"6120-6135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["\u201cA cleaner break\u201d: Genetic divergence between geographic groups and sympatric phenotypes revealed in ballan wrasse (<i>Labrus bergylta<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2169-5027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaute W.","family":"Seljestad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Quintela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellika","family":"Faust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Sciences\u2014Tj\u00e4rn\u00f6 University of Gothenburg Str\u00f6mstad Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim T.","family":"Halvorsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research Austevoll Research Station Storeb\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Besnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eeva","family":"Jansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geir","family":"Dahle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Halvor","family":"Knutsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research Fl\u00f8devigen Norway"},{"name":"Centre for Coastal Research University of Agder Kristiansand Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Andr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Sciences\u2014Tj\u00e4rn\u00f6 University of Gothenburg Str\u00f6mstad Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arild","family":"Folkvord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Glover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"iPLEX Reagents User Guide","author":"Agena Bioscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2008.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2004.tb00435.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.160773"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044404"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2010.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-323"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"226","article-title":"Barriers to gene flow in Embiotoca jacksoni, a marine fish lacking a pelagic larval stage","volume":"54","author":"Bernardi G.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070651"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cleaning symbiosis between wrasse (Labridae) and lice infested salmon (Salmo salar) in mariculture","volume":"188","author":"Bjordal \u00c5.","year":"1988","journal-title":"ICES"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12562-017-1110-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr0102_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"Studies on the biology of the ballan wrasse, Labrus bergylta","author":"D\u2019Arcy J.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fst018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr330"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1992.tb03873.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1977.tb04103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1979.tb07716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v022.i04"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2013.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10592-019-01162-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2005.02553.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2006.03067.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2010.02847.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao065129"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.932"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","volume-title":"The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2018 \u2013 Meeting the sustainable development goals","author":"FAO","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.171752"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.106.059451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.108.092221"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/faf.12214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2004.00828.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","first-page":"166","article-title":"Risikorapport norsk fiskeoppdrett 2018 (Risk Report Norwegian Fish Farming 2018)","volume":"1","author":"Grefsrud E. S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fisken og Havet"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294X.2003.02087.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17451000.2016.1262042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsw135"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","volume":"6","author":"Holm S.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm233"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsx046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btn129"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-11-94"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12898-018-0170-3"},{"issue":"12349","key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The mechanism (Phe362Tyr mutation) behind resistance in Lepeophtheirus salmonis pre\u2010dates organophosphate use in salmon farming","volume":"7","author":"Kaur K.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1095-8649.2003.00051.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsw188"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067492"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2010.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/gsjgs.152.3.0437"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Mathematical Notes on SAMtools Algorithms","author":"Li H.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr509"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp324"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp352"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12719"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-14-108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12592"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15310"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.14111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.12113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2006.02908.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","volume-title":"Fangst av leppefisk","author":"Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","volume-title":"Statistikk for akvakultur 2018 (Statistics of Aquaculture 2018)","author":"Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp696"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12194"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2004.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2004.02396.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","volume-title":"Quick\u2010start protocol DNeasy\u00ae 96 Blood & Tissue Kit","author":"Qiagen","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","first-page":"919","volume-title":"Fishes of the North\u2010eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean","author":"Quignard J. P.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.12186"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12686-013-0114-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.491"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294X.2001.01294.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2007.01931.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessment of the risk to Norwegian biodiversity from import of wrasses and other cleaner fish for use in aquaculture","volume":"15","author":"Rueness E.","year":"2019","journal-title":"VKM Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f87-218"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2013.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17451000.2013.810760"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsu211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2015.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsu132"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","article-title":"Risikovurdering norsk fiskeoppdrett 2013 [Risk Assessment Norwegian Fish Farming 2013]","author":"Taranger G. L.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fisken og Havet"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2109.2000.00517.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","volume-title":"Life\u2010history and behaviour of Labrus bergylta in Galicia","author":"Villegas\u2010R\u00edos D.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/MF12362"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071591"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seares.2013.02.009"}],"container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fece3.6404","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.6404","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ece3.6404","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.6404","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T03:41:11Z","timestamp":1693885271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ece3.6404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ece3.6404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ece3.6404","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7758","2045-7758"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7758","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7758","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-12-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}