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Browsers may bind these tannins using salivary proteins, whereas mammalian grazers (primarily eat grasses that generally lack tannins) likely would not. Ruminant browsers rechew their food (ruminate) to increase the effectiveness of digestion, which may make them more effective at binding tannins than nonruminants. Few studies have included a sufficient number of species to consider possible scaling with body mass or phylogenetic effects on salivary proteins. Controlling for phylogeny, we ran inhibition radial diffusion assays of the saliva of 28 species of African herbivores that varied in size, feeding strategy, and digestive system. We could not detect the presence of salivary proline\u2010rich proteins that bind tannins in any of these species. However, using the inhibition radial diffusion assay, we found considerable abilities to cope with tannins in all species, albeit to varying degrees. We found no differences between browsers and grazers in the effectiveness of their salivary proteins to bind to and precipitate tannins, nor between ruminants and nonruminants, or scaling with body mass. Three species bound all tannins, but their feeding niches included one browser (gray duiker), one mixed feeder (bush pig), and one grazer (red hartebeest). Five closely related species of small ruminant browsers were very effective in binding tannins. Megaherbivores, considered generalists on account of their large body size, were capable of binding tannins. However, the grazing white rhinoceros was almost as effective at binding tannins as the megaherbivore browsers. We conclude, contrary to earlier predictions, that there were no differences in the relative salivary tannin\u2010binding capability that was related to common ancestry (phylogeny) or to differences in body size.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.6698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T02:55:23Z","timestamp":1598842523000},"page":"10426-10439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Are there phylogenetic differences in salivary tannin\u2010binding proteins between browsers and grazers, and ruminants and hindgut fermenters?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2705-408X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University Kent OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5544-7673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa H.","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Environmental Observation Network Ndlovu Node Phalaborwa South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Scottsville South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6451-6132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian M.","family":"Shrader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Scottsville South Africa"},{"name":"Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2009.12.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"889","article-title":"Induction of tissue\u2010specific proline\u2010rich protein multigene families in rat and mouse parotid glands by isoproterenol","volume":"262","author":"Ann D. 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