{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T21:10:19Z","timestamp":1757452219189,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004350","name":"Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004350","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Exotic plant species can evolve adaptations to environmental conditions in the exotic range. Furthermore, soil biota can foster exotic spread in the absence of negative soil pathogen\u2013plant interactions or because of increased positive soil biota\u2013plant feedbacks in the exotic range. Little is known, however, about the evolutionary dimension of plant\u2013soil biota interactions when comparing native and introduced ranges.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>To assess the role of soil microbes for rapid evolution in plant invasion, we subjected <jats:italic>Verbascum thapsus<\/jats:italic>, a species native to Europe, to a reciprocal transplant experiment with soil and seed material originating from Germany (native) and New Zealand (exotic). Soil samples were treated with biocides to distinguish between effects of soil fungi and bacteria. Seedlings from each of five native and exotic populations were transplanted into soil biota communities originating from all populations and subjected to treatments of soil biota reduction: application of (a) fungicide, (b) biocide, (c) a combination of the two, and (d) control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>For most of the investigated traits, native populations showed higher performance than exotic populations; there was no effect of soil biota origin. However, plants developed longer leaves and larger rosettes when treated with their respective home soil communities, indicating that native and exotic plant populations differed in their interaction with soil biota origin. The absence of fungi and bacteria resulted in a higher specific root length, suggesting that <jats:italic>V. thapsus<\/jats:italic> may compensate the absence of mutualistic microbes by increasing its root\u2013soil surface contact.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:bold>Synthesis.<\/jats:bold> Introduced plants can evolve adaptations to soil biota in their new distribution range. This demonstrates the importance of biogeographic differences in plant\u2013soil biota relationships and suggests that future studies addressing evolutionary divergence should account for differential effects of soil biota from the home and exotic range on native and exotic populations of successful plant invaders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.6894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T02:08:52Z","timestamp":1603937332000},"page":"13057-13070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Biogeographic differences in plant\u2013soil biota relationships contribute to the exotic range expansion of <i>Verbascum thapsus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2410-415X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Dieskau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology\/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle\u2010Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3135-0356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helge","family":"Bruelheide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology\/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle\u2010Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle\u2013Jena\u2013Leipzig Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Gutknecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil, Water, and Climate University of Minnesota Twin Cities MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1002-9216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Erfmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle\u2013Jena\u2013Leipzig Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Ecosystem Research Kiel University Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-008-9312-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/05-0219"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-011-0050-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-012-0247-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020117"},{"volume-title":"Common mullein (Verbascum thapsus): A literature review (Report)","year":"2000","author":"Ansari S.","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/154.3.1309"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aec.12087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/02-0517"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2006.00905.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-8137.2003.00714.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Methods for chemical analysis of soils","volume":"80","author":"Blakemore L. 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