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In populations of self\u2010compatible hermaphrodites, the mating system (e.g., self\u2010fertilization) further reduces individual heterozygosity. Furthermore, selfing, as a form of inbreeding, significantly impacts genetic drift by reducing effective population size (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub>). This can potentially accelerate genetic drift, particularly in small populations where self\u2010fertilization is likely during founder events. To investigate the roles of genetic drift and contemporary mating system in populations of the freshwater snail <jats:italic>Lymnaea stagnalis<\/jats:italic>, we examined their effective population sizes (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub>) and Tajima's <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic> values, which reflect genetic drift over extended time periods, as well as estimates of within\u2010population selfing rates and pairwise relatedness reflecting contemporary mating system. We used 4054 SNP markers obtained using restriction site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing from individuals in five snail populations originating from geographically closely located ponds. We found strong population genetic structure and differences in genetic diversity among populations. Covariation between genetic diversity and <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub> estimates and Tajima's <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic> values suggested drift being an important determinant of genetic diversity and structure in these populations. However, this effect was independent of the contemporary mating system, as indicated by the similarity of selfing rates and relatedness estimates among populations. Thus, founder events (possibly including historical inbreeding) and\/or drift due to small sizes of <jats:italic>L. stagnalis<\/jats:italic> populations are likely to explain their genetic structure and limit within\u2010population genetic diversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.70162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T07:25:07Z","timestamp":1723533907000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Population genetic structure in a self\u2010compatible hermaphroditic snail is driven by drift independently of its contemporary mating system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6514-5858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cansu","family":"\u00c7etin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Ecology Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology  D\u00fcbendorf Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology Jagiellonian University  Krak\u00f3w Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Jokela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Ecology Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology  D\u00fcbendorf Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philine G. 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