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Although TBE is endemic throughout central Europe, ticks and rodents determine its maintenance in small, difficult\u2010to\u2010assess, natural foci. We investigated the interrelation between the population genetics of the main TBE virus (TBEV) vector tick (<jats:italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic>), the most important reservoir host (<jats:italic>Myodes glareolus<\/jats:italic>, syn. <jats:italic>Clethrionomys glareolus<\/jats:italic>), and TBEV. Rodents and ticks were sampled on 15 sites within an exploratory study area, which has been screened regularly for TBEV occurrence in ticks for more than 10\u2009years. On all 15 sites, ticks and bank voles were sampled, screened for TBEV presence via serology and RT\u2010PCR, and genetically examined. Moreover, TBEV isolates derived from these analyses were sequenced. In long\u2010term TBEV foci bank vole populations show extraordinary genetic constitutions, leading to a particular population structure, whereas ticks revealed a panmictic genetic structure overall sampling sites. Landscape genetics and habitat connectivity modeling (analysis of isolation by resistance) showed no landscape\u2010related barriers explaining the genetic structure of the bank vole populations. The results suggest that bank voles do not simply serve as TBEV reservoirs, but their genetic composition appears to have a significant influence on establishing and maintaining long\u2010term natural TBEV foci, whereas the genetic structure of TBEV's main vector <jats:italic>I.\u2009ricinus<\/jats:italic> does not play an important role in the sustainability of long\u2010term TBEV foci. A thorough investigation of how and to which extent TBEV and <jats:italic>M.\u2009glareolus<\/jats:italic> genetics are associated is needed to further unravel the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.70163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T05:11:52Z","timestamp":1724130712000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Interrelation of the spatial and genetic structure of tick\u2010borne encephalitis virus, its reservoir host (<i>Myodes glareolus<\/i>), and its vector (<i>Ixodes ricinus<\/i>) in a natural focus area"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lea","family":"Kauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Zoology, Department of Zoology, TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich  Freising Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Dobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah M.","family":"Schmuck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health University of Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Chitimia\u2010Dobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Pfeffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health University of Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9518-0590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph","family":"K\u00fchn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Zoology, Department of Zoology, TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich  Freising Germany"},{"name":"Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology New Mexico State University  Las Cruces New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1999)080[1648:TEOHCO]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0236"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2046(02)00242-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.45.1800201"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11050462"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191811830"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12020185"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-018-0267-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msl191"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3346-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"Transmission\/natural cycle","volume":"2","author":"Chitimia\u2010Dobler L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"The TBE Book"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2002.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012767"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"360","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the Ixodes ricinus complex (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"7","author":"Delaye C.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"ESRI. 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