{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:28:10Z","timestamp":1790738890294,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010037","name":"University of Wolverhampton","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010037","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/M009122\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/M009122\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Studies in evolution, ecology and conservation are increasingly based on genetic and genomic data. With increased focus on molecular approaches, ethical concerns about destructive or more invasive techniques need to be considered, with a push for minimally invasive sampling to be optimised. Buccal swabs have been increasingly used to collect DNA in a number of taxa, including amphibians. However, DNA yield and purity from swabs are often low, limiting its use. In this study, we compare different types of swabs, preservation method and storage, and DNA extraction techniques in three case studies to assess the optimal approach for recovering DNA in anurans. Out of the five different types of swabs that we tested, Isohelix MS\u201002 and Rapidry swabs generated higher DNA yields than other swabs. When comparing storage buffers, ethanol is a better preservative than a non\u2010alcoholic alternative. Dried samples resulted in similar or better final DNA yields compared to ethanol\u2010fixed samples if kept cool. DNA extraction via a Qiagen\u2122 DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit and McHale's salting\u2010out extraction method resulted in similar DNA yields but the Qiagen\u2122 kit extracts contained less contamination. We also found that samples have better DNA recovery if they are frozen as soon as possible after collection. We provide recommendations for sample collection and extraction under different conditions, including budgetary considerations, size of individual animal sampled, access to cold storage facilities and DNA extraction methodology. Maximising efficacy of all of these factors for better DNA recovery will allow buccal swabs to be used for genetic and genomic studies in a range of vertebrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.70294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T22:40:08Z","timestamp":1726180808000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Optimising recovery of DNA from minimally invasive sampling methods: Efficacy of buccal swabs, preservation strategy and\u00a0DNA extraction approaches for amphibian studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5800-5910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences University of Wolverhampton  Wolverhampton UK"},{"name":"School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford  Salford UK"},{"name":"Amphibian and Reptile Conservation  Bournemouth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7816-3083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. E.","family":"Mullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Biosciences  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7110-7874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N. F. D.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Biosciences  Cardiff UK"},{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6138-3735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Grimason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences University of Wolverhampton  Wolverhampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0545-5664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Jehle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford  Salford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. W.","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amphibian and Reptile Conservation  Bournemouth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7951-4148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Orozco\u2010terWengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Biosciences  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3543-6504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. A.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5455-6990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. T.","family":"Maddock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences University of Wolverhampton  Wolverhampton UK"},{"name":"School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences The Natural History Museum  London UK"},{"name":"Island Biodiversity and Conservation Centre University of Seychelles  Victoria Seychelles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12686-016-0580-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/15685381-bja10130"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10682-020-10053-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for use of live amphibians and reptiles in field and laboratory research","volume":"23","author":"Beaupre S. 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