{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:03:28Z","timestamp":1789995808624,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000740","name":"University of St Andrews","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000740","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    One yet unresolved question in the study of mating system evolution is the occurrence of mating failure, when individuals go through their lives without successfully mating. This includes the failure to produce offspring even following copulation, for instance due to insemination or fertilisation failure. Copulations are costly in a variety of ways, but also a fundamental route to fitness in sexual species, and so we should expect that engaging in copulations that generate no offspring should be strongly selected against. Nonetheless, it has become apparent that mating failure is quite common in nature. Here we consider post\u2010copulatory sexual selection in\n                    <jats:italic>Lygaeus simulans<\/jats:italic>\n                    seed bugs to test the hypothesis that the high levels of mating failure found in this species (approximately 40%\u201360%) are caused by cryptic male choice (i.e. males choosing not to inseminate a female during copulation). In our first experiment, we found that mating failure depended on female size, but not male size, with smaller females experiencing mating failure more frequently. Mechanistically this is likely to be due to copulation duration, as shorter copulations were more likely to lead to mating failure. Likewise, copulations with smaller females were shorter. In our second and third experiments, rates of mating failure decreased when pairs were allowed to repeatedly interact with the same partner over longer durations (hours through to days), implying that mating failure is not primarily caused by infertility or chronic mechanical failure. Instead, our results strongly suggest cryptic male choice as the cause of mating failure in this species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.70341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T22:06:01Z","timestamp":1726697161000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Is mating failure caused by cryptic male choice in the seed bug\n                    <i>Lygaeus simulans<\/i>\n                    ?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4203-3057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicki L.","family":"Balfour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology University of St Andrews  St Andrews UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3190-5852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e9lissa","family":"Armand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology University of St Andrews  St Andrews UK"},{"name":"Department of Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Animal Comparative Economics Laboratory University of Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2092-6236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M.","family":"Shuker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology University of St Andrews  St Andrews UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.39.010194.000245"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199678020.003.0011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.07.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.70407"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.4723"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265\u2010020\u20102801\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.70226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arr137"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1948.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg774"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1464793101005693"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arv103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10682-014-9726-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0013\u20108746(2005)098[0191:fsraor]2.0.co;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arj009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.0724"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2014.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265\u2010016\u20102082\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691207209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558\u20105646.1988.tb04181.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2017.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"613","article-title":"Sperm competition and female avoidance of polyspermy mediated by sperm\u2013egg biochemistry","volume":"2","author":"Frank S. A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Evolutionary Ecology Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/9.6.592"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/423987"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2017.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.02.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.12678"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/eje.2000.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016557"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095\u20108312.2008.01126.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3544943"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u2010185X.2011.00175.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arq193"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/eje.2000.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u2010185X.1970.tb01176.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u20105193(82)90225\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012100543-6\/50026-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2006.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014\u20103820.2004.tb01690.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35015558"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35055617"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1570\u20107458.2010.01032.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eea.12759"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199688678.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1994.0089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2005.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00299884"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","volume-title":"Sperm competition and its evolutionary consequences in the insects","author":"Simmons L. W.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2009.01.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-652570-0.50026-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1999.0845"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095\u20108312.1999.tb01181.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169\u20105347(02)02533\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.01.013"}],"container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.70341","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ece3.70341","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.70341","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:12:15Z","timestamp":1789992735000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ece3.70341"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ece3.70341"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ece3.70341","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7758","2045-7758"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7758","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7758","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70341"}}