{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T18:24:20Z","timestamp":1766427860314,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Willows (genus <jats:italic>Salix<\/jats:italic>) are increasingly used in operational\u2010scale ecosystem reclamation; however, different opinions exist regarding the optimal cutting size for planting under field conditions. We compared the survival of field\u2010planted willow cuttings sourced from upland and lowland areas with varying diameters and lengths across two growing seasons. Cuttings were grouped into 15 size classes with different diameters (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0\u2009cm) and lengths (15, 30, 50, and 100\u2009cm) and planted in groups according to their source (upland or lowland, each area potentially reflecting a different assemblage of species) within three reclaimed industrial borrow pits east of Peace River, Alberta. We considered cuttings that displayed leaf flushing as surviving individuals. Survival probability tended to be greater for larger diameter and length cuttings sourced from lowland habitats. Cutting survival was greatly reduced in year two, especially for upland\u2010sourced cuttings. The greater survival in larger sizes we observed may be due to greater total carbohydrates available for leaf flushing and rooting. As we did not control for species composition, the higher survival of cuttings from low\u2010lying areas may result from species\u2010specific differences among cutting sources, reflected by compositional differences we detected among surviving individuals in year two. Our findings suggest that under field settings, cuttings with &gt;\u20092.0\u2009cm diameter by 50\u2013100\u2009cm length sourced from low\u2010lying flood\u2010prone areas may be optimal for willow establishment. Further studies should examine the role of species and population\u2010level genetics in driving the upland versus lowland differences in observed willow\u2010cutting survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.70835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T04:00:11Z","timestamp":1736481611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Size Influences on the Survival of Willow Cuttings Under Operational Field Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Alan","family":"Pollock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Alberta Institute of Technology  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyle R.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Alberta Institute of Technology Centre for Boreal Research  Peace River Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4023-2781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Schoonmaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Alberta Institute of Technology Centre for Boreal Research  Peace River Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Alberta Agriculture Food and Rural Development.1995.\u201cSoil Group Map of Alberta.\u201d Conservation and Development Branch. 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