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Parasitic queens invade host nests and aggressively replace the resident queen. While the adoption of conspecific queens is a common feature of species with multiqueen colonies (polygyny), the origin of parasitic founding is not fully understood. Functionally monogynous ants, in which nestmate queens establish social and reproductive hierarchies through biting and antennal boxing, may provide a link between peaceful adoption and social parasitism. In this study, we investigated whether alien queens can usurp colonies of the functionally monogynous ant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Leptothorax gredleri<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>. Ovary dissection of queens from 33 nests showed that multiple queens with developed ovaries can occasionally co\u2010occur in the same nest. Genetic analysis revealed frequent replacement of the dominant queens by relatives. Instead, alien queens rarely take over reproduction, suggesting a few occurrences of intraspecific social parasitism. However, the data suggest that alien queens without developed ovaries frequently invade nests without being eliminated. This suggests that alien queens are somehow prevented from reproducing and social parasitism is therefore limited in this species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.71133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:40:06Z","timestamp":1748306406000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Frequent Queen Replacement and Presence of Unrelated Queens in Colonies of a Functionally Monogynous Ant Species"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3431-1344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion","family":"Cordonnier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Zoology and Evolutionary Biology University of Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Bachl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Zoology and Evolutionary Biology University of Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Thiercelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Zoology and Evolutionary Biology University of Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Trindl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Zoology and Evolutionary Biology University of Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9403-5946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Heinze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Zoology and Evolutionary Biology University of Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5600-587X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abel","family":"Bernadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Int\u00e9grative Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS  Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00300174"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2015.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2026029118"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(05)80561-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1994.0008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1991.tb00591.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1997.0039"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1994.0115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02222722"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02225844"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"219","article-title":"Social Parasitism Among Ants: A Review (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","volume":"12","author":"Buschinger A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Myrmecological News"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/1991\/52726"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"145","volume-title":"Social Insects and the Environment","author":"Buschinger A.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107334"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-021-01325-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"531","volume-title":"Annales Zoologici Fennici","author":"Cervo R.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294x.2000.01020.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41437-020-0310-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-022-02044-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-009-0590-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3136"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"352","article-title":"Uber den Ursprung der dulotischen, parasitischen und myrekophilen Ameisen","volume":"29","author":"Emery C.","year":"1909","journal-title":"Biologisches Centralblatt"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002650050290"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","unstructured":"Faber W.1969.\u201cBeitraege zur Kenntnis sozialparasitischer Ameisen. 2.Aporomyrmex ampeloninov. gen. nov. spec. 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