{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T08:25:45Z","timestamp":1774945545864,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020039","name":"Bangladesh Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4th Phase BAS\u2010USDA Endowment Program, DU FI 15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4th Phase BAS\u2010USDA Endowment Program, DU FI 15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020039","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conservation strategies often overlook genetic diversity, which is essential for biodiversity preservation and species adaptability. Efforts are minimal for low\u2010income countries like Bangladesh. The current study assessed the population variances of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Labeo rohita<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, a commercially important freshwater fish of Bangladesh, to find the impact of historical policy efforts in conserving diversity. Partial sequences of the mitochondrial <jats:italic>cytochrome b<\/jats:italic> gene (<jats:italic>cytb<\/jats:italic>) of 137 samples, originating from three major rivers (Padma, Jamuna, and Halda) and from randomly sampled cultured individuals, were analyzed. Significant differentiation was detected among the groups, with most genetic variation (90.35%) within groups. Eleven haplotypes were identified, including the most frequent haplotype (Hap1BD, 107\/137). The geographically isolated Halda subpopulation, with earlier stronger conservation policy, displayed the highest haplotype (0.494) and nucleotide diversities (0.00133) compared to those of the Padma and Jamuna. The culture group also showed distinct diversity and haplotype patterns, which indicate an admixture of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>L. rohita<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> fishes from different sources, including the Halda subpopulation. Pair\u2010wise FST analysis indicated minimal genetic divergence between the Padma and Jamuna samples (FST\u2009=\u20090.00376), reflecting their geographical connections and moderate conservation strategies. Phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses revealed two distinct genetic clusters, with Jamuna and Padma clustering separately from the Halda subpopulation. Relatively lower effective population size estimation in both Padma and Jamuna could be a reflection of the loose conservation policy on these two rivers. This connection between conservation rules and genetic diversity in the Halda and other rivers indicates that conservation policy efforts, besides many other factors, might impact genetic variability, offering hope for future biodiversity conservation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.71480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T21:40:52Z","timestamp":1748209252000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Genetic Diversity Resonates With Conservation Strategies: A Case Study of <scp><i>Labeo rohita<\/i><\/scp> Population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Md. Mahfuzur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology University of Dhaka  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khandaker Asif","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology University of Dhaka  Dhaka Bangladesh"},{"name":"CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL) Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP)  East Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md. Golam","family":"Rabbane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Fisheries University of Dhaka  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4430-1097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Shamimul","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology University of Dhaka  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.angen.2022.200131"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02626667.2011.644242"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10641\u2010023\u201001380\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/dujbs.v25i2.46337"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03191137"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","volume-title":"Conservation and the Genetics of Populations","author":"Allendorf F. W.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"92","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Biodiversity\u2010Present State, Problems and Prospects of Its Conservation","author":"Azadi M. A.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"Bangladesh Gazette andMinistry of Fisheries and Livestock.2020.\u201cHalda Gazette.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.dpp.gov.bd\/upload_file\/gazettes\/38171_83208.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(02)00357-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/jbcbm.v5i1.42182"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24701394.2016.1267156"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61885\/joa.v15.2007.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10592\u2010007\u20109398\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095\u20108649.1993.tb01179.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2526"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"640","article-title":"Genetic Adaptation to Captivity Can Occur in a Single Generation","volume":"5","author":"Christie M. R.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evolutionary Applications"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","unstructured":"Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Kunming\u2010Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework andUnited Nations.2022.\u201cDecision Adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.cbd.int\/doc\/decisions\/cop\u201015\/cop\u201015\u2010dec\u201004\u2010en.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100426.2011.01911.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/19401736.2013.792055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24701394.2017.1310852"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"26","volume-title":"Fish Week Compendium","author":"Department of Fisheries (DoF)","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Fish Week Compendium","author":"Department of Fisheries (DoF)","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2010.02847.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2006.01186.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/284325"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095\u20108649.1995.tb06048.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","first-page":"455","article-title":"Genetics and Extinction","volume":"19","author":"Frankham R.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Conservation Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2013.12.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/89.5.415"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19415250903457166"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033\u2010010\u20100175\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2540.2001.00895.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12711\u2010019\u20100454\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biab054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2020.108654"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14634988.2022.2028965"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17017\/jfish.6.2.2018.45\u201053"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gene Genealogies and the Coalescent Process","volume":"7","author":"Hudson R. R.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","first-page":"16","volume-title":"Carp Genetic Resources for Aquaculture in Asia","author":"Hussain M. G.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100426.2004.00562.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Ecological Assessment of the Halda River: The Last Natural Carp Breeding Ground in Bangladesh","volume":"30","author":"Islam M. S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wetlands Ecology and Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btn129"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr521"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23802359.2019.1662740"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3213548"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Genetic Rescue as a Tool for Species Recovery: Lessons From Vertebrates","volume":"39","author":"Langhammer P. F.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Conservation Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp187"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033\u2010011\u20101140\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock (MoFL).2007.\u201cS.R.O. No. 170\u2010Law\/2007\u201d. Bangladesh Gazette Extraordinary 6845\u20106847.https:\/\/www.dpp.gov.bd\/upload_file\/gazettes\/170\u2010Law\u20102007.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock (MoFL).2011.\u201cCircular SRO no 301 Law\/2011 Bangladesh Gazette (Extra).\u201dGovernment of Bangladesh Dhaka."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17017\/bjf.2020.32.1.67\u201078"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227\u2010007\u20100871\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13750\u2010015\u20100031\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100633.2006.00187.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/19401736.2015.1028048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","article-title":"Global Erosion of Genetic Diversity in Freshwater Fishes: A meta\u2010Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA Studies","volume":"291","author":"Parreira B. R.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jbg.12745"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","volume-title":"Freshwater Fishes of Bangladesh","author":"Rahman A. K. A.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Population Structure of Indian Hill Trout (Barilius bendelisis) Inferred From Variation in Mitochondrial DNA Sequences","volume":"5","author":"Sah S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Advances in Biological Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24701394.2018.1484120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egg.2022.100131"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"The Silent Crisis: Three Decades of Declining Genetic Diversity in Wild Populations","volume":"40","author":"Shaw R. E.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends in Ecology & Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S102279541909014X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201064791\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558\u20105646.1989.tb02587.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","unstructured":"Slowikowski K.2024.\u201cGgrepel: Automatically Position Non\u2010Overlapping Text Labels With \u2018ggplot2\u2019. R Package Version 0.9.6.\u201dhttps:\/\/github.com\/slowkow\/ggrepel."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100426.1999.tb00198.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/123.3.585"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","unstructured":"The Bangladesh Gazette andMinistry of Agriculture Fisheries and Livestock Division.1985a.\u201cCatching of Carp Fishes Prohibited in Certain Waters.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.dpp.gov.bd\/upload_file\/gazettes\/258\u2010Law\u20101985.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","unstructured":"The Bangladesh Gazette andMinistry of Fisheries and Livestock.1985b.\u201cThe Protection and Conservation of Fish Rules.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.dpp.gov.bd\/upload_file\/gazettes\/442\u2010Law\u20101985.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294x.2000.00887.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","first-page":"168","article-title":"Assessment of Genetic Variation of Wild Rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) Populations Using Microsatellite Markers","volume":"2","author":"Tonny U. S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"African Journal of Fisheries Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2016.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1984.tb05657.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2015.07.025"}],"container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.71480","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T10:18:24Z","timestamp":1757240304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ece3.71480"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ece3.71480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ece3.71480","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7758","2045-7758"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7758","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7758","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71480"}}