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Bats in eastern China, however, carry low loads of\n                    <jats:italic>Pd<\/jats:italic>\n                    and do not exhibit disease, suggesting natural resistance. To explore potential defenses, we isolated and screened antagonistic bacteria from the wing membranes of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Rhinolophus ferrumequinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    for their ability to inhibit\n                    <jats:italic>Pd<\/jats:italic>\n                    growth. We employed the plate delineation isolation method to obtain 74 single strains, which were then screened for antagonistic effects through contact and non\u2010contact inhibition experiments. A total of 18 antagonistic strains were isolated. After sequencing and comparison with the NCBI database, we identified eight known species and three unidentified species of antagonistic bacteria:\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas carnis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Buttiauxella ferragutiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Paraburkholderia fungorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Arthrobacter rhombi<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Serratia liquefaciens<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Paeniglutamicibacter gangotriensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Brevibacterium aurantiacum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Acinetobacter lactucae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Brevibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp., and\n                    <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. Seventeen isolated strains showed varying degrees of inhibition by contact, while five species, including\n                    <jats:italic>P. carnis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>B. ferragutiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S. liquefaciens<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>P. gangotriensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Brevibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp., also inhibited\n                    <jats:italic>Pd<\/jats:italic>\n                    via non\u2010contact mode. We utilized solid\u2010phase microextraction coupled with GC\u2013MS to obtain approximately 20 volatile compounds, all of which exhibited inhibitory effects on the growth of\n                    <jats:italic>Pd<\/jats:italic>\n                    , including ketones, aldehydes, and sulfur ethers. Notably, 5\u2009ppm of 1\u2010undecene, dimethyl trisulphide, and 2\u2010nonanone each independently inhibited\n                    <jats:italic>Pd<\/jats:italic>\n                    growth. These findings suggest that the antagonistic strains and their VOCs might help protect bats from WNS. Understanding the interactions between\n                    <jats:italic>Pd<\/jats:italic>\n                    and skin flora, along with their VOCs, may be crucial in mitigating bats' vulnerability to WNS and developing effective mitigation strategies in the future.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.71628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T20:24:40Z","timestamp":1751055880000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Isolation of Antagonistic Bacterial Strains and Their Antimicrobial Volatile Organic Compounds Against\n                    <i>Pseudogymnoascus destructans<\/i>\n                    in\n                    <i>Rhinolophus ferrumequinum<\/i>\n                    Wing Membranes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yanqing","family":"Da","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization Northeast Normal University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingxuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization Northeast Normal University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yangshuang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization Northeast Normal University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weixu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization Northeast Normal University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization Northeast Normal University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4227-9818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keping","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization Northeast Normal University  Changchun China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Ministry of Education  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2010.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107395"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02715\u201023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000570"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.028712"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1163874"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.67.10.5170\u20105175.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201366"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.03022\u201005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.13739"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018\u2010011\u20100720\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.78.1.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201014223\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiz193"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myad080"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2014.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-95251-4.00011-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392\u2010022\u201000974\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121329"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2201.151314"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adn5606"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1212505"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16135\/j.issn1002\u20100861.2023.0438"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.49.3.654\u2010663.1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfpp.13050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2106.150123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0151\u20109638(17)31041\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CHEMBIOL.2018.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2024.2313410"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1751\u20107915.13765"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00693\u201024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007\u20101536(84)80214\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100176"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.10267"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20103164.2002.00312.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870902100401"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179770"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.3325"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2007.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523\u20101739.2005.00255.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR12.1074"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u2010294x.2000.00982.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362\u2010028x.Jfp\u201013\u2010072"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.137957"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393\u2010007\u20100093\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201063382\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568\u2010023\u201001585\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01042050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1749\u20104877.12855"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1608.100002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248\u2010017\u20101095\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher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